人类永恒的精神圣地—评《瓦尔登湖》

《瓦尔登湖》是美国自然文学作家亨利·大卫·梭罗的传世之作,被公认为最受读者欢迎的非虚构作品.这部小说详细地描述了梭罗在瓦尔登湖生活的26个月,他身体力行地证明了自己对大自然的崇尚与呵护之心.同时,《瓦尔登湖》所体现的崇尚物质简朴、精神富足、与自然和谐相处的生活态度,对处于现实浮华社会中的人们来说具有深刻的启迪意义.     

读《瓦尔登湖》

<正>"这不是我的梦,用于装饰一行诗;我不能更接近上帝和天堂,甚于我之生活在瓦尔登。我是它的圆石岸,漂浮而过的风;在我掌中的一握,是它的水,它的沙,而它的最深邃避隐处,高高地躺在我的思想中"。这是美国著名作家梭罗散文集《瓦尔登湖》中第11篇《湖》中的一首诗,描绘了瓦尔登湖如梦如幻的神奇之美。1845年7月4日,梭罗带着一把斧子,来到了离他家不远的瓦尔登湖畔,自建房屋,开荒种地,看书写作,过着最简     

城市的胜利

如果你热爱自然的话,就远离瓦尔登湖,到拥挤的波士顿市中心定居哈佛大学经济学家Edward L.Glaeser今年出版了一本新书《城市的凯旋》,引起了从《经济学人》到《纽约时报》等严肃国际媒体的广泛注意。他在《波士顿环球报》上也发表了文章,题为《如果你热爱自然,就搬到城里来》。正是在这篇文章中,他把我们心目中的环境主义先知梭罗描绘为一个罪恶昭彰的环境破坏者(梭罗的一次野炊,就烧毁了300英亩的森林!),解构了瓦尔登湖的神话。     

阅读速递

《瓦尔登湖的反光：梭罗日记》 [美]亨利·戴维·梭罗著 朱子仪译 金城出版社定价：58．OO元 2014年6月 作为爱默生的学生、美国“自然文学的先驱”,梭罗青出于蓝,他的日记被爱默生称为“储蓄所”,而他为世人所熟知的《瓦尔登湖》正是从他的“储蓄所”里零存整取了全部素材．《梭罗日记》是梭罗生命的储蓄所,他的文学生命因此而不朽。     

《瓦尔登湖》的魅力——徐迟和他的译著

1845年7月4日,美国独立日的当天,28岁的亨利·戴维·梭罗,毅然离开了喧嚣的城市,搬进了离波士顿不远的一个小湖——瓦尔登湖畔的一栋他亲手盖起来的小木屋里,宣告了他个人的生活与精神上的“独立”。小木屋里只有寥寥可数的几件家具。他在湖边种豆、打猎、伐木、收获,也在湖边倾听、观察、沉思和梦想……他在宁静的瓦尔登湖畔独立生活了两年半的时间,当他认为他已达到了他的那个简化生活、回归自然的实验的目的时,他就走出了林子,重新回到了城市。以后他又花了几年的时间整理那些笔记。9年后,即1854年,他的《瓦尔登湖》出版问世。 这本书是梭罗的人生哲学和文学才华的集中体现,真正     

用"他",重构你我的文本格式与精神——新媒体写作的"'他'你我"关键词

有关新媒体写作的讨论,在提出多种概念和介绍多种新新文体后,我们不能不特别重视最为重要的这种写作工具,因为写作与传播都通过它而实现.我们面对和使用的似乎是一台计算机,其实不然,而是同样充满智慧的"他"."他"联结着你,也互联着我.由"他",我中有你,你中有我;由"他",我们在重构一种你我的新时代文本和精神.     

与自然相遇

作者在书中用博物的心灵书写着自然的故事。全书通过弗农山一北京一里诺一瓦尔登湖这样一条叙述主线,详细地描写了作者在近10年间的自然观察和生活体验。观察遍及身边的草木鸟兽以及和自然环境密切相关的人情世故。在对自然观察的细致描写的基础上,作者深入这些自然对象背后蕴含的社会、文化、历史背景,乃至由人与环境关系而引发的深层思考,挖掘探究其人文与自然的价值与意义。一个业余博物爱好者,一个生态关注者,就这样在不同地域文化中穿梭往来,在陌生之地从一花一鸟开始熟悉,在常居之地则不断发掘身边惯常的地景,重新发现自然的美与乐趣。作者的观察描写使得读者可以有身临其境之感,而对观察对象背后的社会、文化、历史背景的考察以及对相关问题的反思则引入深思。中美两种环境之间的自然和文化体验之比照更是本书的重点。     

论《瓦尔登湖》在美国本土的经典化生成

《瓦尔登湖》是美国作家梭罗的代表作,在美国及世界文学史上具有重要地位。该书能成为一部经典作品,与美国十九世纪的历史文化语境以及梭罗个人的生命历程直接相关,具体可概括为四个因素:一是超验主义运动,该书是超验主义的核心文本;二是自然文学写作,该书是美国自然主义文学史上里程碑式的作品,并具有深远的生态学意义;三是乌托邦社团运动,该书是对个体乌托邦的成功书写,宣扬了一种独特的生活哲学,契合了美国人的伊甸梦想;四是废奴运动,梭罗的"英雄"角色及其身后的文化地位也对该书的经典化产生了重要影响。     

梭罗的阅读思想——读《瓦尔登湖》

引子——一次短暂而曲折的读书经历现在国内正流行着美国文学中的一本独特的、卓越的名著——《瓦尔登湖》.我也跃跃欲读,5月初从深圳大学城图书馆借了两本梭罗的《瓦尔登湖》译本,又从网上下载了最有名的徐迟的译本.为了能够读好这部难读的书,我初步对照了三个译本,从中选择了徐迟的译本和王光林的译本(长江文艺出版社,武汉,2005年)作为阅读本,以徐迟译本为主,碰到不容易懂的地方,再对照王光林译本.这种做法还真管用,帮助我解决了几处难题.我更加深深地体会到:翻译确实是一种再创作的智力劳动.我首先仔细地阅读了徐老的《译本序》.徐老在《译本序》的开篇就讲:"如果你的心并没有安静下来,我说,你也许最好是先把你的心安静下来,然后你再打开这本书,否则你也许会读不下去,认为它太浓缩,难读,艰深,甚至会觉得它莫明其妙,莫知所云."我已经退休12年了,对名利早已心如止水,对家庭、子女也心意满足,安安静静地读书有四五年了,我自认为已经达到了徐老对读《瓦尔登湖》的要求.可谁曾想到,读第一章"经济篇"就卡壳了,总感到读的内容似乎不进脑,引不起兴趣,不知所云,硬着头皮读了一半,实在读不下去.     

独处是种宁静的幸福

Henry David Thoreau是美国作家，他于1845年春天在老家康科德城的瓦尔登湖边建起一座木屋，过起自耕自食的生活，并在那里写下了著名的《瓦尔登湖》一书。这是一本极静的书，一本寂寞的书，一本孤独的书。它只是一本一个人的书。     

Isaiah Thomas Invents the Bookstore Chain

We think of bookstore chains—Barnes and Noble, Brentanos, Walden Books, or the defunct Borders—as recent phenomena. But, the roots of franchised bookselling lie deep in American publishing history. A case can be made that late eighteenth century publisher-printer Isaiah Thomas, of Boston and Worcester, Massachusetts, was the originator of the bookstore chain. At his zenith, Thomas and various partners had eleven stores operating in a network reaching from Boston to Albany to Baltimore, with branches in New Hampshire and Vermont. Driving the Thomas publishing-bookselling enterprise was a form of vertical corporate integration of publishing services (all the way from papermaking to distribution of product) that would, under today’s antitrust laws be hard to justify legally. At the time, in the 1790s–1810, Thomas’s multiple interlocking businesses were, nonetheless, truly a bookman’s empire, with bestsellers like almanacs and textbooks leading the way.     

Recordkeeping in the Production of Scientific Knowledge: An Ethnographic Study

Recent scholarship in archival studies has employed “non-traditional” modes of analysis to theorize the nature of the record and recordkeeping in organizational contexts. In that tradition, this paper discusses the author's use of ethnographic methodology to study recordkeeping in one academic research laboratory. The paper explores how ethnography contributes to our understanding of the laboratory as a recordkeeping organization and the intersections of scientific practice and the kinds of records scientists create and use. The paper calls for more analysis of recordkeeping as an information infrastructure and inquiry into the nature of the record in other kinds of knowledge production environments.     

基于科技藏品的科技博物馆传播策略初探

科技藏品在科技博物馆中的地位随着时代变迁与教育理念的变化在不断变化。科技藏品除了具备与互动性科学展品共有的科学性之外,还具备基于历史的真实性、信息传播的多维性和收藏价值的凸显性。并据此提出了五种科技藏品的科学传播策略:情境再现法、布局突出法、对比分析法、协同展示法、故事讲述法。     

What is recorded is never simply ‘what happened’: Record keeping in modern organizational culture

Traditional premises in archival theory and practice hold that archival records are authentic as to procedure and impartial as to creation because they are created as a means for, and as a by-product of, action, and not for the sake of posterity. Such Positivist assumptions about the nature of records have come under sustained scrutiny in the archival literature over the past decade. The post-Positivist view of records embraces the record as a socially constructed and maintained entity. This paper situates itself within this new paradigm in an exploration of the beginning of the life of the record. It is therefore concerned with the creator (or recorder) and the social construction of the record. In expanding beyond a purely administrative- and juridical-based theory of records, this paper draws upon research from other disciplines, such as sociology, in order to place records and record keeping within a framework that allows for an understanding of their social nature. In particular, the goal is to determine the underlying social factors that directly influence and shape the creation and keeping of records and to begin to understand how these factors manifest themselves in the construction of the record.     

The Natural History Museum: Taking on a Learning Agenda

Carnegie Museum of Natural History and the University of Pittsburgh are engaged in a research and practice partnership to bring new learning sciences findings and theories into contact with the design and deployment of innovative natural history learning experiences. In this article, we describe four strands of work: 1) connecting people to nature; 2) engaging people of all ages in complex and current scientific debates of regional consequence; 3) partnerships to build a strong regional learning ecology for nature and science; and 4) iterative professional development to support staff as they work with new definitions of learning and engagement in the museum.     

档案公布与知识产权保护微观分析

随着馆藏档案公布数量的迅速增长,档案公布与知识产权保护成为越来越重要的课题。在知识产权中,著作权与档案公布权的关系较为密切。由于档案与作品形式相似,以及档案公布与作品发表的性质相同、方式相似,使得档案公布不仅可能涉及作品的发表权,还可能涉及作品的财产权。幸而,档案与作品在性质和涉及领域,以及档案公布权与作品著作权等方面存在着明显差别,这些差别使得区分档案公布权与作品著作权并对其进行保护成为可能。与著作权不同,专利权和商标权在性质和内容上与档案公布权明显不同,因而,档案的公布一般不会触及专利权和商标权。     

King Demos and His Laureate

This article uses online archives of digitized American and British newspapers to examine the importance of newspaper publication to Rudyard Kipling. Taking ‘The White Man's Burden’ as its particular example, this article recovers the history of that poem's publication and initial reception. That history revises both the poem's date and place of first publication, from Britain to America. In the process, Kipling emerges as a more transatlantic poet than was previously thought, and as a figure who is more influential in America. He is seen to have a sophisticated understanding of the demands and nature of newsprint, of newspapers as a literary and poetic medium, and of newspaper poetry as a journalistic genre. Many agencies and interested parties are seen to be involved in the poem's publication, and the nature of its cultural success offers further evidence for a transatlantic press history.     

论自然语言的优势与人工语言的消亡

文章分析了人工语言和自然语言各自的现状和优缺点,指出在不久的将来,人工检 索语言将被自然语言取代从而走向消亡。     

信息构建理论对图书馆学的影响研究

本文从多个角度对信息构建与图书馆学发展的启示和影响进行了比较研究,同时吸取了信息构建与图书馆学中的精华部分,从信息构建的角度,重新构建和设计了图书馆Web网页的设计与实践,突出了网页中的个性化服务。     

The “Wicked Problem” of Neutral Description: Toward a Documentation Approach to Metadata Standards

Increasingly, metadata standards have been recognized as constructed rather than neutral. In this article, we argue for the importance of a documentation approach to metadata standards creation as a codification of this growing recognition. By making design decisions explicit, the documentation approach dispels presumptions of neutrality and, drawing on the “wicked problems” theoretical framework, acknowledges the constructed nature of standards as “clumsy solutions.”