太极拳习练过程中安全性的meta分析

摘要：太极拳风靡海内外,但是近年来有报告对其安全性提出了质疑。分析已发表的随机对照试验文献,证实太极拳安全性。检索MEDLINE/PubMed,EBSCO host和the Cochrane Library从建库到2016年2月的文献。纳入标准：1）随机对照试验;2）两组平行;3）太极拳是核心干预;4）详细报告不良反应。使用Cochrane偏倚风险评价表评估纳入文献质量。研究结果：最终24项研究（26篇文献;2003-2016年;共1794受试者）符合纳入标准。12项研究报告了完整的随机序列生成和分配隐藏。太极拳与运动或非运动干预相比,严重、一般、干预引发的不良反应均无显著差异。与非运动干预相比,包含不良反应监测预案的研究与未提及的研究在一般不良反应发生数量上有显著差异(RD=0.05,95%CI：0.00,0.10;P= 0.05)。对于心脏病人来说,太极拳干预与非运动干预相比严重不良反应发生数量存在显著差异(RD=-0.11,95% CI:-0.20, -0.03;P= 0.01)。研究结论：在随机对照实验中,太极拳干预与其他运动或非运动干预相比是安全的,特别是适合心脏病人练习。希望今后的研究采用更严谨的研究方法,纳入足够的样本量,报告高质量的不良反应数据,这样才能更好地总结归纳评价太极拳的安全性。     

BORG主观体力感等级量表的生理效度研究:一项元分析

为了明确Borg主观体力感等级量表(简称RPE)的实际效度,尤其是与心率、血乳酸、最大摄氧量(%)、摄氧量、乳酸阈、呼吸频率等的生理效度。通过使用元分析为主要手段,对主观体力感与各项生理参数之间的关系进行整合分析。结果表明:主观体力感等级与心率的加权平均效度系数为0.55,血乳酸为0.61,最大摄氧量(%)为0.65,摄氧量为0.59,通气阈为0.68,呼吸频率为0.75,其量表的总体效度并不像以往研究所提出的那样高(r=0.80-0.95)。同时,在不同的研究特征下,通过方差分析表现出较大的统计学差异,文中将对不同研究特征下的相关效度进行论述。     

反馈对儿童早期数学学习效果的影响元分析

反馈被认为是促进学生学习的最有力方式,信息技术的发展为反馈设计提供了支持.采用元分析方法考察反馈对儿童早期数学学习的影响,研究发现:反馈对儿童早期数学学习有较小的积极效果.通过调节分析发现,任务类型和反馈类型对反馈效果具有调节作用,反馈媒介、反馈时机和反馈效果测量时间对反馈效果无调节作用.未来关于反馈对儿童早期数学学习效果影响的研究,应在教育信息化背景下从任务特征、学习者特点和反馈特征3个方面综合考虑,提高反馈的针对性和个性化.     

The effects of teacher expectation interventions on teachers’ expectations and student achievement: narrative review and meta-analysis

ABSTRACT

This study provides a systematic review of the effects of 19 teacher expectation interventions. Prior research on teacher expectations primarily focussed on correlational relationships with student and teacher characteristics, leaving open the questions of whether it is possible to raise teacher expectations and to prevent (too) low expectations from having detrimental effects on student achievement. These questions were the scope of the current review. We distinguished 3 types of interventions: changing teacher behaviour, creating awareness of expectancy effects, and addressing the beliefs underlying the expectations. The results indicated that it was possible to raise teacher expectations and subsequent student achievement. We found summary effects of Hedges’ g?=?0.38 and 0.30, respectively. The narrative review suggested that the intervention type did not affect the effectiveness, but teacher support for the intervention did. However, verification of this suggestion with moderator analysis was not possible due to the limited number of interventions.     

关于白血病亚型基因芯片数据资料的后综分析

针对筛选特定癌症亚型的特异表达基因,提出了一种新颖的癌症基因芯片的后综分析方法——运用并改进秩打分算法(RS),对有序基因列表的统计均值取秩并打分.该算法结合常用的“一对多”(OVA)比对方法或“一对一”(OVO)比对方法,在跨平台检测某些白血病亚型特异基因时显得极为有效.6个公开的白血病数据的统计结果显示白血病亚型间的分子生物信号差异强于芯片系统间的差异.此外,一组儿童白血病亚型(BCR-ABL)的标志基因能够准确预测成人白血病中的该亚型.结果有助于从白血病或其他有着充分研究背景的癌症芯片表达数据中,发现、确认和治疗其亚型.     

学习障碍与社会技能缺失的关系

很多研究试图揭示学习障碍与社会技能缺失的关系,探讨社会技能起缺失是否是学习障碍儿童特有的现象。研究者围绕学习障碍定义关于社会技能缺失的表述,学习障碍儿童社会技能缺失成因,学习障碍子类型与社会技能缺失的关系以及学习障碍儿童社会技能缺失元分析研究四个方面对这一问题进行研究。研究学习障碍与社会技能缺失的关系对教育者开展干预工作具有重要的指导意义。将来的研究应关注学习障碍儿童社会技能缺失的类型特点和发展特点。     

Discriminant and incremental validity of self-concept and academic self-efficacy: a meta-analysis

Two studies examined the discriminant and incremental validity of self-concept and academic self-efficacy. Study 1, which meta-analysed 64 studies comprising 74 independent samples (N?=?24,773), found a strong mean correlation of .43 between self-concept and academic self-efficacy. The domains of self-concept and self-efficacy, and the domain matching between them, moderate the strength of the correlation between self-concept and academic self-efficacy. Global self-concept was associated with weaker correlations than were academic and subject-specific self-concept. Academic self-efficacy had higher incremental validity than self-concept. Study 2, which examined data-sets from Programme for International Student Assessment 2000, 2003 and 2006, found that the mean correlation ranged from .31 to 54. Self-concept sometimes had higher incremental validity than academic self-efficacy. The higher incremental validity of self-concept may result from the wording and domain of self-concept measure as well as specificity matching between self-concept and academic achievement.     

Synthesising case-study research – ready for the next step?

Within the emerging field of research on education for sustainability (EfS), case studies are an important if not the predominant research approach, although often criticised for its lack of internal and external validity and a tendency to draw conclusions with insufficient rigour. While, basic concerns have been expressed and discussed in an early issue of this journal, main assumption still hold true after more than 10 years of research in the field. Only a few approaches so far have tackled the challenge to provide cross-case comparison and the synthesis of case-study results still remains a research desideratum. In this paper, we argue that developments in the field of qualitative and quantitative meta-analysis in educational science offer a framework, which can be used to overcome that shortcoming. After describing the idea of research synthesis, different types of such a meta-analysis are identified and their potential is discussed for existing case studies in higher EfS. This paper concludes with recommendations for further case-study research in the field.     

Cooperative Learning and Literacy: A Meta-Analytic Review

Abstract

We conducted a meta-analysis on the effectiveness of cooperative and collaborative learning to support enhanced literacy outcomes. Interventions considered were provided in regular education settings (i.e., not pull-out instruction) with students from Grades 2 through 12. Reviewing more than 30 years of literacy research, we located 18 intervention studies with 29 study cohorts. Included studies primarily used standardized assessments to report on students’ reading, vocabulary, or comprehension achievement, which we analyzed separately. Overall, students had significantly higher literacy achievement scores when instructional interventions utilized cooperative and collaborative activity structures. The overall weighted mean effect sizes ranged from 0.16 to 0.22 (p < .01) with more than 94% of the point estimates being positive. Because cooperative or collaborative learning was always one of multiple intervention components, it was impossible to estimate the unique, added effects of cooperative/collaborative learning. Although the small number of eligible studies precludes any claims about the effectiveness of specific forms of grouping and the circumstances under which programs have more impact, our findings suggest that cooperative and collaborative grouping was a core component of effective literacy interventions, particularly at the elementary level.     

Peer ethnicity and achievement: a meta-analysis into the compositional effect

This study reports a meta-analysis on the effects of ethnic minority share in school on achievement test scores. Best evidence from the studies that have appeared thus far on this topic shows that these compositional effects appear small in general, but may be larger when the ethnic minority group is African Americans in the USA than when the minority group consists of immigrants. A high share of students from an ethnic minority group seems to affect the achievement of students belonging to the same ethnic group more than the achievement of students belonging to the ethnic majority or to other ethnic minority groups. Effects of the share of immigrants on test scores of ethnic majority students even seem to be close to zero. Several robustness checks confirm our results. The review concludes with a discussion of implications for research and policy practice.