Public history,personal pseudohistory,and VirtHSTM

In summer 2021, the Virtual History of Science, Technology, and Medicine group hosted two online panels on pseudoscience topics including Flat Earth, Hollow Earth, geohistory, alternate evolution, and forgeries. The panels discussed the roles of such theories in the history of science, as well as the public’s understanding of both history and science.     

Multi-stage Internet public opinion risk grading analysis of public health emergencies: An empirical study on Microblog in COVID-19

In the period of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), millions of people participate in the discussion of COVID-19 on the Internet, which can easily trigger public opinion and threaten social stability. This paper creatively proposes a multi-stage risk grading model of Internet public opinion for public health emergencies. On the basis of general public opinion risk grading analysis, the model continuously pays attention to the risk level of Internet public opinion based on the time scale of regular or major information updates. This model combines Analytic Hierarchy Process Sort II (AHPSort II) and Swing Weighting (SW) methods and proposes a new Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) method – AHPSort II-SW. Intuitionistic fuzzy number and linguistic fuzzy number are introduced into the model to evaluate the criteria that cannot be quantified. The multi-stage model is tested using more than 2,000 textual data about COVID-19 collected from Microblog, a leading social media platform in China. Seven public opinion risk assessments were conducted from January 23 to April 8, 2020. The empirical results show that in the early COVID-19 outbreak, the risk of public opinion is more serious on macroscopic view. In details, the risk of public opinion decreases slowly with time, but the emergence of important events may still increase the risk of public opinion. The analysis results are in line with the actual situation and verify the effectiveness of the method. Comparative analysis indicates the improved method is proved to be superior and effective, sensitivity analysis confirms its stability. Finally, management suggestions was provided, this study contributes to the literature on public opinion risk assessment and provides implications for practice.     

加强我国公共卫生管理的若干建议

公共卫生是事关人民群众健康的公共事业,提供公共卫生服务、进行公共卫生管理是政府的重要职责。我国政府十分重视公共卫生事业发展,尤其是2003年"非典"疫情后,我国公共卫生服务体系建设不断完善、管理不断加强。但这次突如其来的新冠肺炎疫情发生与蔓延,仍然暴露出我国公共卫生管理的一些短板,亟待我们总结经验、深入研究,有针对性地采取措施加以解决。具体建议包括:(1)完善国家安全观;(2)强化法治建设;(3)强化政府治理能力建设;(4)健全信息公开、媒体与互联网管理制度;(5)强化专家的科学精神与职业素养;(6)健全突发公共卫生事件应急管理机制;(7)加强社会组织建设,完善社会力量参与机制;(8)提升公民应对疫情灾情素质;(9)切实把"预防为主"方针落到实处;(10)注重研究突发公共卫生事件期间的经济政策。     

大疫当前谈供应链思维：从“啤酒游戏”说起

2019年底暴发的新冠肺炎疫情是一次重大的公共卫生事件,它对我国乃至世界的社会经济都将产生巨大而深远的影响。遗憾的是,这样的事件已不再是百年一遇,而是十年一遇或更短的时间,因此如何有效地应对大规模传染性疾病的暴发是人类社会面临的十分重要而迫切的问题。这次新冠肺炎疫情既是一个不幸,也是一个难得的学习机会。通过对疫情防控过程的回顾,以及对在该过程中所遇到的一些困难的梳理,发现很多问题最终都可以归结为供需矛盾的问题,而供给侧的挑战通常又都源于供应链的无序和混乱。文章结合现代供应链管理理论的一些基本原理,对疫情防控工作进行了分析并给出了建议,如建立全国联网传染病监测中心、国家防控战略物资安全库存、国家突发事件应急管理指挥中心等。另外,疫后经济重建也至关重要,因此还从供应链思维的角度,分析了新冠肺炎疫情的行业影响,以及企业复工复产过程中应该注意的事项。     

从新冠病毒疫苗研发看我国战略科技力量建设

强化战略科技力量是实现科技自立自强的关键。我国新冠病毒疫苗研发取得阶段性胜利与国家战略科技力量有着密不可分的关系。文章从国内外新冠病毒疫苗研发现状入手,通过分析我国新冠病毒疫苗研发科研攻关的成功经验,进一步深入思考和探索我国战略科技力量的使命定位、顶层设计、强化方式,并就进一步强化我国战略科技力量提出相应的政策建议。     

基于EIB总线协议的双值输出设备的设计开发

随着计算机、通讯和网络技术的巨大发展，家庭自动化逐渐走入人们的生活。欧洲安装总线是家庭自动化领域一个非常重要的协议。本文在分析EIB总线协议在智能楼宇家居领域应用状况的基础上．给出了在EIB总线系统中应用非常广泛的一个执行器设备——双值输出模块的解决方案。     

A new age for child protection--General Comment 13: why it is important, how it was constructed, and what it intends?

Children continue to be subjected to high levels of violence (i.e., physical, psychological and sexual maltreatment) throughout the world. International concern about violence against children has increased significantly during the last decade. A Study on Violence Against Children, encouraged by the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, conducted under the auspices of the United Nations Secretary General and reported in 2006, has become a rallying call to improve child protection. Child protection practices and systems have been judged to be generally inadequate and, in some cases, destructive. It is widely recognized that business as usual—more of the same—will not do. A General Comment (guide to fulfilling obligations) for Article 19, the central conceptualization of child protection of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, has the potential to promote a worldwide reformulation of child protection priorities, policies, and practices by virtue of the infusion of a child rights approach. It can be a mechanism for framing and promoting the transformational change needed – for a genuine paradigm shift. Here, explication is given for the historical context, rationale, centrality of child rights, process of development, holistic nature, and primary elements of General Comment 13 (GC13): The child's right to freedom from all forms of violence. GC13 embodies and champions a child rights approach to child protection entailing strong support for proactive primary prevention, promotion of good child care, and a commitment to secure the rights and well-being of all children. A child rights-based, comprehensive coordinating framework is recommended for the implementation of GC13.     

第19届世界杯足球赛决赛阶段角球进攻战术研究

通过对第19届世界杯足球赛决赛阶段64场比赛628个角球空间特征研究发现：对时空间的利益诉求愈来愈强烈地成为现代足球比赛的显著特征。激烈的时空竞争使得角球进球成为高水平比赛制胜的关键。长传配合仍为角球进攻的主要空间组织形式;角球进攻空间轨迹以弧线球进攻为主,弧线球进攻形式中又以内弧线球进攻为主;内弧线球的运用数量以及成功率,都明显高于外弧线球;二次进攻成为外弧线球进球的另一有效进攻手段。角球进攻的空间区域主要集中在球门正面地带的近距离区域（1区、2区）内;1区进攻次数仅次于2区,但成功率却最低,进攻空间2区进攻次数最多,成功率也高于1区,但在进攻1区的成功射门对球门形成的威胁程度要远大于2区,本届世界杯关键比赛尤其如此。球门区域内的空间（1区）主要为内弧线球进球的空间区域;球门区域外空间（2区）主要为外弧线球进球的空间区域。后插上是角球进球的主要空间抢点方式,直接攻门成为进球得分的主要手段。     

突发公共事件网络谣言传播长尾效应的控制研究——以新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情为例

[目的/意义]关注突发公共卫生事件网络谣言"长尾"传播现象,从博弈角度探求"长尾"的控制变量,为实现网络谣言治理长效化提供依据。[方法/过程]基于官方辟谣后信息生态环境和公众认知的差异,引入SIRS模型,以不完全信息动态博弈为基础构建传播模型,计算出长尾期个体策略分布,利用MATLAB进行仿真和案例验证,寻找"长尾"控制途径。[结果/结论]长尾控制博弈模型分析从个体交互层面为网络谣言管控带来新思路。在突发公共卫生事件网络谣言传播后期,作为拽尾策略,增加个体不信谣的收益、降低个体的谣言相关信息分析成本均需被持续实践。其中,比之于增加公共收益,增加不信谣的个体收益有更大的长尾控制效用,是重点关注工作。     

基于事理图谱的新冠肺炎疫情网络舆情演化路径分析

[目的/意义]提取突发事件网络舆情中事件的因果和顺承关系,构建事理图谱揭示事理发展脉络和演化规律。[方法/过程]以微博相关评论为研究对象,分别通过因果关系标识、事件影响因子和时间因子等维度识别事件间的关系,提取因果和顺承事件对;采用层次聚类将相似度较高的事件泛化为一类,构建新冠肺炎网络舆情事理图谱,并对生成的舆情演化路径进行分析。[结果/结论]研究表明,因果关系演化路径具有事件少、演化路径短等规律性特点,且同时包含顺承关系事件和伪结果事件;顺承关系演化路径具有事件数量多、演化路径较长、交叠变化等规律性特点,且能够揭示舆情演化的关键节点。通过构建事理图谱可以快速区分突发事件舆情的噪音和关键信息,充分体现其在监测、预测和管理中的价值性。