医学院校大学生入党动机及现状的调查分析--基于广州市六所医学院校的调查

该文通过问卷调查的方式,旨在进一步了解新时期医学院校大学生的入党动机及现状,并通过分析影响医学院校大学生入党意愿与动机的因素,探寻适合新时期医学生党员的有效培养机制,为医学院校党组织建设打下坚实基础。     

Untangling the contributions of meteorological conditions and human mobility to tropospheric NO2 in Chinese mainland during the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020

In early 2020, unprecedented lockdowns and travel bans were implemented in Chinese mainland to fight COVID-19, which led to a large reduction in anthropogenic emissions. This provided a unique opportunity to isolate the effects from emission and meteorology on tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO₂). Comparing the atmospheric NO₂ in 2020 with that in 2017, we found the changes of emission have led to a 49.3 ± 23.5% reduction, which was ∼12% more than satellite-observed reduction of 37.8 ± 16.3%. The discrepancy was mainly a result of changes of meteorology, which have contributed to an 8.1 ± 14.2% increase of NO₂. We also revealed that the emission-induced reduction of NO₂ has significantly negative correlations to human mobility, particularly that inside the city. The intra-city migration index derived from Baidu Location-Based-Service can explain 40.4% ± 17.7% variance of the emission-induced reduction of NO₂ in 29 megacities, each of which has a population of over 8 million in Chinese mainland.     

基于OBE理念的线上教学实践探索及后疫情时代思考——以“测控仪器设计”课程为例

为抗击新冠肺炎疫情,我国开启了"停课不停学"大规模线上教学实践。该文以"测控仪器设计"课程为例,积极开展了基于OBE理念的线上教学重构设计,从教学目标、教学内容、教学方法、质量监控、评价体系、持续改进等方面进行了实践探索。基于线上教学的实践探索和教学反思,提出了后疫情时代教师发展和教学改革的新思路。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎核酸检测和诊断专利信息分析

用于预防和治疗新型冠状病毒的药物尚在研发试验阶段,核酸检测方法和试剂研发是防控新冠病毒之重要措施。对核酸检测方法和试剂专利进行分析有利于科研工作者利用专利情报,提高科研成果的专利保护意识。以新型冠状病毒感染肺炎防疫专利信息共享平台为基础数据来源,对新型冠状病毒核酸检测和诊断的175项专利申请数据进行整理-筛选-归纳-可视化,分析申请量年变化、申请类型和申请人信息,并重点梳理关键申请人的专利申请动向及布局。得出结论:核酸检测和诊断领域专利申请发展受疫情发展影响显著;核酸检测和诊断领域检测方法众多,发展较为成熟;核酸检测和诊断领域申请人以中国的高校及科研机构为主,科研成果专利转化率高;专利布局成为重要申请人保护知识产权、加强专利竞争力的有意之举。     

Higher education students’ achievement emotions and their antecedents in e-learning amid COVID-19 pandemic: A multi-country survey

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has had a wide range of negative consequences for higher education students. We explored the generalizability of the control-value theory of achievement emotions for e-learning, focusing on their antecedents. We involved 17019 higher education students from 13 countries, who completed an online survey during the first wave of the pandemic. A structural equation model revealed that proximal antecedents (e-learning self-efficacy, computer self-efficacy) mediated the relation between environmental antecedents (cognitive and motivational quality of the task) and positive and negative achievement emotions, with some exceptions. The model was invariant across country, area of study, and gender. The rates of achievement emotions varied according to these same factors. Beyond their theoretical relevance, these findings could be the basis for policy recommendations to support stakeholders in coping with the challenges of e-learning and the current and future sequelae of the pandemic.     

终身收入视角下学前教育中断的经济后果——基于疫情下“学习趋势”框架的全球估算

新冠疫情不仅是一场全球公共卫生危机,还广泛地产生经济和社会影响。依据“学习趋势”框架,选取联合国教科文组织新冠疫情应对小组、联合国教科文组织教育统计处、世界银行教育统计数据库中共170个国家与经济体的数据,构建终身收入视角下学前教育中断的中长期经济后果测算模型。结果显示,截至2021年10月31日全球学前教育中断实质造成相当约0.38个正常学年学习增量的直接损失,其对应人均终身收入损失约8.5万美元（2017PPP）,相当于成年后预期年均收入下降3.05%。在全球层面,中长期经济损失累计约21.1万亿美元（2017PPP）,其中欧亚大陆国家所承担的中长期经济代价将达全球损失一半以上。新冠疫情下,全球学前教育中断的影响是普遍且深远的,任何一个国家和区域都无法独善其身,各国应团结正视教育系统所面临的严重挑战,以实际行动恢复优质且连续的学前教育。     

我国U19男子足球队队员间人际关系的心理学研究

本文主要采用社会测量法,对我国U19男子足球队队员间人际关系的现状以及其与球队成绩的关系进行了调查和分析。研究发现:我国U19男子足球队队员间人际关系融洽程度不高;球队的比赛成绩与队员间人际关系水平呈正相关,队员间人际关系是影响比赛成绩的因素之一;球队中,小团体的数量一般为3到5个,人缘型队员的数量为1到2个,嫌弃型队员的数量不等;球员在选择朋友时,心理因素因朋友类型不同而有所差异,基本上从品德、性格、能力、相似性、邻近性、补偿性等方面考虑。     

The effectiveness of a 17-week lifestyle intervention on health behaviors among airline pilots during COVID-19

PurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a 17-week, 3-component lifestyle intervention for enhancing health behaviors during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.MethodsA parallel-group (intervention and control) study was conducted amongst 79 airline pilots over a 17-week period during the COVID-19 pandemic. The intervention group (n = 38) received a personalized sleep, dietary, and physical activity (PA) program. The control group (n = 41) received no intervention. Outcome measures for sleep, fruit and vegetable intake, PA, and subjective health were measured though an online survey before and after the 17-week period. The changes in outcome measures were used to determine the efficacy of the intervention.ResultsSignificant main effects for time × group were found for International Physical Activity Questionnaire-walk (p = 0.02) and for all other outcome measures (p < 0.01). The intervention group significantly improved in sleep duration (p < 0.01; d = 1.35), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score (p < 0.01; d = 1.14), moderate-to-vigorous PA (p < 0.01; d = 1.44), fruit and vegetable intake (p < 0.01; d = 2.09), Short Form 12v2 physical score (p < 0.01; d = 1.52), and Short Form 12v2 mental score (p < 0.01; d = 2.09). The control group showed significant negative change for sleep duration, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score, and Short Form 12v2 mental score (p < 0.01).ConclusionResults provide preliminary evidence that a 3-component healthy sleep, eating, and PA intervention elicit improvements in health behaviors and perceived subjective health in pilots and may improve quality of life during an unprecedented global pandemic.     

基于知识图谱的国外身体锻炼与新冠肺炎的相关研究进展分析

该文以SCI、SSCI和A&HCI所收录的国外关于身体锻炼与COVID-19的454篇文献为研究对象,引入CiteSpaceⅤ可视化分析工具,探测国外关于身体锻炼与COVID-19的相关研究热点及主流观点。分析表明：现阶段国外关于身体锻炼与COVID-19的相关研究热点主要集中在身体锻炼与COVID-19的内在关联、身体锻炼适应性、身体锻炼实例等方面。针对处于后防疫时期的中国,提出如下对策：聚焦重点领域技术攻克,强化科技引领;研发多元运动处方库,提高锻炼效应;构建多维保障体系,强化风险防控;打造健康教育新格局,确保长远效应。     

新冠疫情期间我国体育学研究的特征及启示

本研究以体育学核心期刊中所载的抗疫文献为基础,对体育学抗疫研究特征进行分析。结论:在这场抗议战斗中,体育人积极贡献了学术智慧,从体育产业、学校体育、运动生理、居家锻炼、体育赛事、东京奥运会等方面,进行了较为详尽的研究,为解决疫情给体育带来的不利影响,共同推进体育研究和实践的进步,发挥了积极的作用。并提出了以疫情为背景的研究有待加强;对突发社会问题关注度和核心问题的研究有待深入;体育学研究与公共卫生健康联系需要进一步强化等启示。