环境类专业微生物学课程教学实践与改革

根据现阶段环境类本科专业微生物教学的现状与存在的问题,提出环境微生物学教学实践与改革的发展方向。课堂教学应重视基础知识教育,增加课堂教学内容的新颖性和前沿性,提升学生的学习兴趣,运用多种教学方法,多方面增强教学效果。实验教学应重视基础验证性实验教学,鼓励综合性实验教学,拓展设计性实验教学,并建立合理的实验课程考核评价体系,重视学生学习过程的评价。     

障碍性实践教学法在理工科研究生教学中的应用

"障碍性实践教学法"是指教师在课程教学过程中设置障碍,让研究生同学在教学实践中解决教师提出的问题或预设的实际难题,以达到更好的授课效果。它不仅进一步完善了研究生的实践教学理论,还可有效地将课程学习与学生自身研究专业方向相结合,具有一定的理论和实践意义。     

环境科学专业学生实践能力提高途径探索

在高等教育大众化和就业竞争日益激烈的今天,大学教育应该强调大学生实践能力的提高。本文结合环境科学专业,从实践教学平台的完善、实践环节的设置、实践环节与理论知识的衔接等方面来探索适合浙江工商大学环境科学专业学生实践能力提高的途径。     

Phosphate-solubilizing microbes in rhizosphere soils of 19 weeds in southeastern China

Low phosphorus (P) availability is one of the most important factors limiting plant growth in red soils across southeastern China. Many non-symbiotic microorganisms in rhizosphere can enhance P solubility, but little is known about the magnitude of their phosphorus-solubilizing ability (PSA) and the difference in phosphorus-solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) among plant species. The number of phosphorus-solubilizing microorganisms and their PSA in rhizosphere soils of 19 weed species in a citrus orchard on red soil at Changshan, Zhejiang, China, were investigated. Inorganic P (powdered phosphate rock, PR) and organic P (lecithin, OP) were respectively used as the sole P-source to examine the PSA of isolated microbes. The PS actinomycetes community varied greatly among the different weed rhizospheres while the PS fungus community showed to be most stable to the weed rhizosphere. The highest number of PR-PS and OP-PS bacteria was found in rhizosphere soil of Mollugo pentaphyll, and the highest number of PR-PS and OP-PS actinomycetes was found in rhizosphere soil of Polygonum lapathifolium. The highest number of PR-PS fungi was found in Erigeron annuus and Mollugo pentaphyll rhizosphere soil, and the highest number of OP-PS fungi was found in rhizosphere soil of Mazus stachydifolius. Mazus stachydifolius showed the strongest PR-PS ability (6340.75μg) while Eragrostis pilosa showed the strongest OP-PS ability (1301.84μg). The PR-PS ability and OP-PS ability of Mollugo pentaphyll was 4432.87μg and 1122.05μg respectively. A significant correlation between the number of PR-PSM and OP-PSM was found. Significant correlation was only found between the PR-PS fungi number and its PSA(r=0.75, P<0.05) and between the number of OP-PS fungi and its PSA(r=0.87, P<0.01}). It indicated that plant species had significant influence on components of the non-symbiotic PSM community and their activity in its rhizosphere soil. Fungi play a leading role in phosphorus solubilization in weed rhizopshere. It suggested that weed conservation could benefit soil microbe development in agroecosystems, especially in the initial stage of agroecosystem development because there is less organic carbon in bare soil. The results suggested that weed conservation could increase PSA of PSM.