运动性免疫抑制形成的可能负反馈机制及缓解措施的研究进展

目前新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情形势严峻,其传染性极强,能够通过飞沫、接触等途径迅速传播。在此背景下,增强机体免疫系统功能尤为重要。长时间或大强度运动锻炼能够造成运动性免疫抑制,使机体在运动后免疫系统功能大幅下降。因此,缓解或避免运动后的免疫抑制对于防控新冠肺炎疫情具有重要意义。通过分析相关文献,对运动性免疫抑制形成的可能负反馈机制及缓解措施进行综述。研究结果:1)总体而言,中等强度运动能够增强免疫系统功能,且运动性免疫抑制出现的临界强度约为60%V.O2_max强度,而长时间大强度运动能够抑制免疫系统功能。2)运动性免疫抑制形成的负反馈机制包括TCR-P38负反馈机制、MAPK-DUSP负反馈机制、干扰素-STAT1负反馈机制、Foxp3-IL2负反馈机制、低血糖环境-Tregs负反馈机制和CTLA-4-T细胞负反馈机制等。3)缓解运动性免疫抑制值得研究的分子靶点包括DUSP、STAT1、Foxp3、CTLA-4等,且此类分子易受运动、睡眠、饮食等生活行为调节。研究结论:1)运动性免疫抑制的形成可能与免疫系统负反馈调节机制有关;2)除避免长时间大强度运动以外,提高睡眠质量、合理饮食亦能够提高免疫系统功能。

The Research Progress of Possible Negative Feedback Mechanism and Mitigation Measures of Exercise-induced Immunosuppression

COVID-19 is a very contagious virus spreading by droplet transmission and contact transmission,and the situation of which is very severe.Under this background,it is essential to keep immune system functioning properly.Research suggests that excessively vigorous exercise cause immunosuppression,so that the immune system function after exercise decreases significantly.Therefore,the relief or avoidance of exercise-induced immunosuppression is of great significance for the prevention and control of COVID-19.In this paper,articles were collected and analyzed to illustrate the possible negative feedback mechanism of exercise-induced immunosuppression.Results:1)Generally speaking,high-intensity exercise can suppress the immune system function,while medium-low intensity exercise can improve the immune system function,and the critical intensity of exercise-induced immunosuppression is about the intensity of 60%V.O2_max.2)The negative feedback mechanism of exercise-induced immunosuppression includes TCR-P38 mechanism,MAPK-DUSP mechanism,Interferon-STAT1 mechanism,Foxp3-IL2 mechanism,Hypoglycemia-induced Tregs mechanism and CTLA-4-T cell mechanism,etc.3)Molecular targets worthy of study in the field of exercise-induced immunosuppression includes DUSP,STAT1,Foxp3 and CTLA-4.Conclusions:1)The formation of exercise-induced immunosuppression may be related to the negative feedback regulation mechanism of immune system.2)In addition to avoiding long-term high-intensity exercise,high-quality sleep,and proper diet can improve the immune system function.