排球教练员人格特征与执教效能关系的研究现状和分析

在近二十年文献资料的基础上,综合、分析了心理学、运动心理学、社会心理学、人格心理学等领域有关人格、领导行为的研究成果,详细查阅、借鉴和记录了有关运动员、教练员在人格特征、执教效能方面的科研成果,旨在帮助我国排球教练员了解自身,提高从业水平,为排球教练员队伍的建设提供理论和实践依据。     

中国男排高水平后备队伍的培养现状与对策研究

近几年我国男子排球的竞技成绩不尽如意,我国排球后备人才储备匮乏,人才梯队出现断层,培养质量不高成为阻碍我国排球可持续发展的重要因素.将参加“2015年全国排球高水平后备人才基地训练营(男子组P的19支运动队的教练员和运动员作为调查对象,运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、专家访谈法,对我国男排高水平后备队伍的培养现状进行分析研究.结果显示:我国男排高水平后备队伍的教练员以初中级职称的教练员为主,拥有丰富执教经验的教练员占比较少,教练员参加岗位培训的情况并不乐观;训练计划的制定有较好的灵活性、时效性和科学性;运动员参赛场数严重不足;经费投入一般,配套设施不完善等,并据此提出了一些建议.     

四川省基层排球教练现状调查及后备人才培养模式研究

本文运用问卷调查、实地访谈、文献资料等研究方法,对四川省基层排球教练员的情况,包括教练员的执教年限、来源途径、训练能力、科研能力等方面进行调查分析,针对存在的问题,提出了＂一个中心、两个学校＂的培养模式,建立四川省基层排球教练员培养体系。为基层排球队伍输送更多优秀的教练员后备人才,高效的提高四川省基层排球教练员的基本素质与技战术训练水平,促进四川排球运动的可持续发展。     

我国排球后备梯队教练员现状调查分析

采用问卷调查等研究方法,对我国部分排球高水后备人才培训基地的教练员现状进行了调查分析。研究结果表明,我国排球后备梯队教练员女性偏少;年龄结构、执教年限分布、学历结构基本合理,但学历含金量较低;职称呈现＂两头少中间多＂的分布。教练员队伍存在的主要问题按重要程度依次是缺乏先进的培养理念、科学的训练方法、系统的基础理论知识、责任心和敬业精神,执教经验和指挥比赛能力。针对存在的问题,提出了具体建议。     

教练员的执教艺术

从教练员的执教行为、执教理念和执教效能感3个方面阐述教练员有效执教的艺术。认为:有效执教不仅有助于运动员运动成绩的提高,而且能促进运动员的健康成长;教练员只有通过不断提高执教效能感,形成有效促进运动员全面发展的执教理念,并将这种理念渗透到技能教学、组织训练,以及与运动员的沟通交流等执教行为中,才能真正实现有效执教。     

普通高校教练员心理疲劳的调查研究——以湖南省为例

运用<教练员心理疲劳问卷>对部分湖南省普通高校教练员进行调查,结果表明,湖南省普通高校教练员与职业教练员在运动负评价维度上存在非常显著差异;不同性别教练员在成就感降低与情绪/体力耗竭维度上存在非常显著差异,女教练员的成就感较高,男教练员情绪、体力消耗较多;不同执教年限教练员在成就感的降低和情绪与.体力耗竭维度存在非常显著差异;不同学历教练员在运动负评价、成就感降低与情绪/体力耗竭三个维度上都不存在显著差异;中级及以下职称的高校教练员与高级职称的教练员在成就感降低维度存在显著差异.     

现代竞技排球运动教练员应具备的素质与能力

现代竞技排球教练员素质能力不仅关系到其自身的执教能力和水平,而且对运动员的成才和训练有着重要而深远的影响。通过对我国男排后备队伍青年男排教练员进行问卷调查,对现代竞技排球教练员所应具备的素质能力进行了分析和探讨,旨在为建立一支职业道德品质高、执教能力强的高水平教练员队伍提供参考与借鉴。     

中国排球教练员岗位培训的现状调查研究

教练员是发展体育事业的关键,教练员的素质与执教水平直接影响竞技运动成绩。排球教练员岗位培训是目前提高排球教练员素质的有效途径。本文通过问卷调查和查阅大量文献资料,运用理论分析法对我国排球教练员及其岗位培训的现状进行分析并探讨发展对策。     

新疆克州业余体校排球专项学生学习训练情况的调查研究

该文通过对新疆克州业余体校排球专项学生学习训练情况进行调查,找出影响新疆克州高中排球队排球专项学生学习训练的主要因素和存在的主要问题,并对其进行分析。研究结果表明,排球专项学生在文化课考勤方面存在一定的迟到和旷课情况,在排球专项学生中确实存在对文化课学习重视不足的情况,有3%的排球专项学生认为文化课学习不重要;在任课教师方面,超过80%的排球专项学生认可教学水平,有10%的排球专项学生认为教师经常或一直对其有偏见。教练员每周安排4～6次训练,训练时长一般在90min左右;有将近90%的排球专项学生认可教练员的执教水平,6成学生对教练执教态度较为满意,可能存在个别教练在执教时有所懈怠的情况;每个队伍大概每学期平均会参加4次交流赛,在校期间平均1次/月交流赛。     

Teenagers Selection and Training of Women＇s Row Coaches Evaluation Index System Cognitive Attitudes Survey

采用文献资料、问卷调查、访谈、数理统计等方法,对参加全国青少年后备人才集训的教练员对于选材与训练评价指标体系认知态度进行比较全面、系统的调查,分析和探究我国排球后备队伍教练员在选材与训练两个方面的指导思想,把握教练员对选材与训练评价指标体系认知态度,也为青少年女排运动员选材与训练的方法与手段上提供理论依据,为教练员在执教过程中提供理论参考。     

Evaluating the impact of a coach development intervention for improving coaching practices in junior football (soccer): The “MASTER” pilot study

ABSTRACT

The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the impact of a novel coach development intervention (MASTER) on coaching practices of football coaches. The study involved six coaches (of 10–12 year old) from one representative football club (Australia February–July 2017). The 15-week multi-component intervention included a face-to-face workshop, ongoing mentoring, modelled training sessions, peer assessments and group discussions. MASTER is underpinned by positive coaching and game-based coaching practices and aimed to educate coaches on how to implement and operationalise a number of evidence-based coaching elements. At each of baseline and immediate post-intervention coaches were filmed three times and evaluated using a modified version of the Coach Analysis Intervention System. Using linear mixed model analysis, significant changes were observed for time spent performing playing-form activities [+15.4% (95% CI 6.01–24.79)(t(15) = 3.5, P = 0.003], with significant changes in the type of interventions undertaken and the nature of feedback given to athletes. Program feasibility was examined using measures of recruitment, retention, adherence and satisfaction. Results indicate program feasibility and high coach evaluation ratings. MASTER demonstrated effectiveness for improving coaching practices of football coaches during training sessions. Further large-scale trials will build evidence for the utility of MASTER for guiding coaching practices in football and other sporting codes.     

文化视阈下中西方冰壶运动员技战术运用的差异

中西方文化间存在着显著的差异,这种差异会影响到运动员在运动场上的技战术发挥.通过意识形态层面包括个性差异、思维方式、自信水平方面,以及认知层面包括个人知识水平差异、逻辑思维培养、两性认识几个方面,分析文化作用对中西方冰壶运动员在场上技战术使用差异的影响.力图找出中西方冰壶运动员技战术使用差异的深层次原因,为今后中国冰壶运动员培养及选拔提供借鉴,为冰壶教练员临场执教提供参考     

我国部分优势竞技运动项目教练员领导行为特征与评价研究

以领导理论和教练员多维系统理论为依据．采用问卷调查、现场观察和访问等多种方法，探讨我国优势竞技项目教练员领导行为特征与执教效果等问题。结果表明，运动员特征因素对教练员执教的风格有较大的影响；男运动员认知的肯定程度优于女运动员；运动员期望教练员领导行为方式与实际认知之间存在较大差距；教练员领导行为与运动员获取优秀运动成绩有着密切关系；教练员感知能力高于实际领导行为的均值；教练员设置预期目标只有略高于优秀运动员的期望目标，才有可能更好地完成最终的预期目标。     

Coaching performance and leadership behaviours in team sports

The aim of this study was to investigate coaching performance in team sports taking leadership behaviours into focus. To do so, coaching performance was put in a literature-based frame and analysed with reference to a task structure based on the idea of hierarchical planning. The focus of the paper is on a mixed methods multi-strand study using qualitative as well as quantitative threads to develop and verify a set of coaching strategies focussing on teambuilding and team leadership. Qualitative analyses showed that coaches do have a clear understanding of forming and leading a team, which could be shown by a specific set of strategies being used by high performance coaches from different team sports (basketball, football, handball, and volleyball). These strategies could be confirmed in a sequential quantitative study analysing coaches’ and players’ attitudes towards the previously analysed schemes. The results of this study are discussed in terms of methodical and practical implications.     

Coaching Efficacy,Player Perceptions of Coaches’ Leadership Styles,and Team Performance in Premier League Soccer

The coaching competency research has demonstrated the role of coaching efficacy and coaching behaviors on various athlete outcomes. However, athlete perceptions of these relationships and how they affect performance are less understood. Purpose: This study examined if coaching efficacy is predictive of player perceptions of coaches’ leadership styles, team atmosphere, and team performance in a soccer season. Method: Fifteen male premier league soccer coaches (M_age = 45.27, SD = 6.07) and 226 players (M_age = 25.66, SD = 3.96) from Botswana participated in the study. All participants completed a background information questionnaire. Coaches completed the Coaching Efficacy Scale. Players rated their coaches’ leadership styles using the Revised Leadership Scale for Sports as well as team atmosphere. Team performance was based on position in the league log and player ratings of the teams’ performance. Results: Findings showed that coaches’ self-ratings on technique efficacy predicted player perceptions of the coaches’ use of all six leadership styles. Game strategy efficacy predicted higher team atmosphere and team performance. Motivation efficacy was not significantly associated with player perceptions of the coaches’ use of any of the leadership styles, while character building efficacy was negatively associated with the various leadership styles. Conclusion: Findings provide support to previous research evidence linking higher coaching efficacy, leadership styles, and team outcomes. The study expands the emergent research within the coaching competency literature that examines player perceptions of coaches’ behaviors and leadership styles.     

Gender differences in coaching philosophy: the case of female basketball teams

With the advent of Title IX, the proportion of female participants in interscholastic sport has risen sharply while the proportion of female coaches has dropped precipitously. This paper seeks to determine whether there are any differences in coaching philosophy by gender. Questionnaires were sent to the coaches of 600 high school girls' basketball teams selected randomly from the 48 contiguous states. There were 250 usable ones returned for a response rate of 42%. The questionnaires included items designed to assess the attitudes and behaviors of coaches in five areas of coaching philosophy: (1) the coach's role in the overall development of athletes; (2) conditions believed essential to maximize team performance; (3) team rules used; (4) use of sports aphorisms; and (5) expectations of athletes. Summing the findings, we found that in 83 of the 100 comparisons there were no statistical differences in the means of the male and female coaches. In the 17 instances where there were statistically significant differences, 14 times the female coaches were on the more traditional side. Several possible explanations for this interesting finding are discussed.     

Coaching commitment and turnover: a comparison of current and former coaches

Although coaching continuity is thought to be important in developing and sustaining quality sport programs, coach turnover is not well understood. Consequently, we used a commitment model to address why some coaches maintain their involvement while others discontinue coaching. For this study, 469 USA Swimming age-group coaches completed a mail survey designed to assess commitment model constructs, including coaching satisfaction, benefits, costs, investments, alternative options, social constraints, and commitment. To test the commitment model, we first used structural equation modeling to assess whether the model provided an adequate fit to the data for current and former coaches. Overall, satisfaction and investments were significantly related to commitment. Moreover, the standardized path coefficients between benefits and costs and satisfaction were also significant. Multivariate analysis of variance andfollow-up analyses revealed that current coaches reported higher commitment as well as less attractive alternative options, higher investments, and higher social constraints compared to former coaches. In replication of past research, we compared current andformer coaches on the benefits and costs associated with coaching.     

Examining the relationships between challenge and threat cognitive appraisals and coaching behaviours in football coaches

Previous research demonstrates that sports coaching is a stressful activity. This article investigates coaches’ challenge and threat cognitive appraisals of stressful situations and their impact on coaching behaviour, using Blascovich and Mendes’ (2000) biopsychosocial model as a theoretical framework. A cross-sectional correlational design was utilised to examine the relationships between irrational beliefs (Shortened general attitude and belief scale), challenge and threat appraisals (Appraisal of life events scale), and coaching behaviours (Leadership scale for sports) of 105 professional football academy coaches. Findings reveal significant positive associations between challenge appraisals and social support, and between threat appraisals and autocratic behaviour, and a significant negative association between threat appraisals and positive feedback. Results also show that higher irrational beliefs are associated with greater threat, and lesser challenge cognitive appraisals. However, no associations were revealed between irrational beliefs and challenge cognitive appraisals. Additionally, findings demonstrate a positive relationship between age and training and instruction. Results suggest that practitioners should help coaches to appraise stressful situations as a challenge to promote positive coaching behaviours.     

Perceptions of elite coaches and sports scientists of the research needs for elite coaching practice

A major objective of sports scientists and elite coaches is the enhancement of athletic performance. Despite this common goal, there is a general perception that research in sports science does not meet the needs of coaches. A study using survey and interview examined the perceptions of elite coaches and sports science researchers in Australia regarding the research needs of elite coaching. Congruence was found between coaches and researchers regarding research practice at the elite level. Both groups held common perceptions on the importance and application of research, the methods by which research questions are determined, and the qualities valued in elite coaches and sports science researchers. However, elite coaches perceived a need for more research in the area of sports psychology, dissemination of research findings via coaching clinics and sports-specific magazines, and the use of more appropriate "lay" language in information dissemination.     

Gender Differences in Coaching Philosophy: The Case of Female Basketball Teams

Abstract

With the advent of Title IX, the proportion of female participants in interscholastic sport has risen sharply while the proportion of female coaches has dropped precipitously. This paper seeks to determine whether there are any differences in coaching philosophy by gender. Questionnaires were sent to the coaches of 600 high school girls' basketball teams selected randomly from the 48 contiguous states. There were 250 usable ones returned for a response rate of 42%. The questionnaires included items designed to assess the attitudes and behaviors of coaches in five areas of coaching philosophy: (1) the coach's role in the overall development of athletes; (2) conditions believed essential to maximize team performance; (3) team rules used; (4) use of sports aphorisms; and (5) expectations of athletes. Summing the findings, we found that in 83 of the 100 comparisons there were no statistical differences in the means of the male and female coaches. In the 17 instances where there were statistically significant differences, 14 times the female coaches were on the more traditional side. Several possible explanations for this interesting finding are discussed.