兔病毒性出血症和巴氏杆菌病灭活二联苗的研究与应用

用感染RVHD病兔的肝、脾、肾以及从鸡、兔混养暴发巴氏杆菌病兔体分离的细菌研制的甲醛灭活二联苗，免疫健康易感兔，于免疫后对RVHD强毒攻击第3天保护车达50％（6／12），第5天达100％（15／15），持续保护6个月以上，抗体动态测定与攻毒结果一致；对巴氏杆菌攻击第7、15天的保护率分别达75％（9／12）、91．7％（11／12）．6个月保护车仍达72．2％（13／18）。     

鸡传染性贫血病弱毒苗免疫对肝线粒体抗氧化酶活性的影响

观察鸡传染性贫血病弱毒苗多次免疫对肝线粒体中抗氧化酶活性的影响。方法：20只SPF鸡随机分为2组,每组10只,免疫组鸡用鸡传染性贫血弱毒苗免疫四次,每次间隔2W,对照组鸡用同剂量的生理盐水。最后一次免疫后10d取肝脏制备线粒体,利用测试盒测定肝线粒体中的GSH-PX活性、SOD活性和MDA含量。结果：对照组肝线粒体中GSH-Px活性、SOD活性和MDA含量分别为20．444±2．64U／mgprot、15．59±1．33U／mgprot和7．32＋1．89nmol／mL,免疫组肝线粒体中GSH-Px活性、SOD活性和MDA含量分别为24．85±3．53U／mgprot、24．284±4．17U／mgprot和5．264±1．24nmol／mL。与对照组相比,免疫组肝线粒体中GSH-PX活性显著提高（P〈0．05）,SOD活性极显著提高（P〈0．01）,MDA含量显著减低（P〈0．05）。结论：鸡传染性贫血病多次免疫可提高机体抗氧化能力。     

免疫与未免疫雏鸡感染MDV后血液部分指标变化

200只1日龄健康罗曼蛋公鸡随机分成4组,分别为非免疫对照组(C),免疫对照组(Ⅰ),非免疫攻毒组(Ⅱ),免疫攻毒组(Ⅲ),每组50只.于第14日龄,两攻毒组腹腔接种BJ-1株马立克氏病病毒强毒(vMDV).于攻毒后第7d、14d、28d和56d分别测定外周血液红细胞数(RBC)、白细胞数(WBC)、红细胞压积(PCV)、网织红细胞比例(RCC)和血红蛋白含量(Hb).结果表明:攻毒后RBC、WBC、RCC、PCV和Hb均呈上升趋势,两攻毒组的WBC、RCC和PCV明显高于两对照组,两攻毒组的RBC和Hb明显低于两对照组,两免疫组的RBC和WBC低于两非免疫组,非免疫攻毒组的PCV除了在第7d显著高于非免疫对照组(P＜0.05)外,其余均无显著差异(P＞0.05).说明雏鸡感染MDV后血细胞的发育成熟受阻,而免疫对红细胞的发育成熟和白细胞的生成其有促进作用.     

海水网箱养殖尖吻鲈体表溃烂病致病菌的研究

本研究证实河弧菌生物Ⅰ型是尖吻鲈（Latescalcarifer）体表溃烂病的致病菌．从患病尖吻鲈病灶上分离到34株菌，其中4株菌为强毒菌株，这4株菌进行人工感染，死亡率均为100％，症状与自然发病相似．根据这4株菌的形态及生理生化特征，这4株菌应归入河弧菌生物Ⅰ型（VibriofluvialisbiovarⅠ）．     

两种病原菌感染后海鳗肝脏的组织病理学研究

用鳗弧菌（Vibrio anguillarum）和嗜水气单胞菌（Aeromonas hydrophila）分别感染海鳗（Muraenesox cinereus）,48h后取样,光镜观察肝脏组织结构在感染前后的变化．结果表明：与对照组相比,海鳗感染嗜水气单胞菌后,肝细胞索排列紊乱,血窦扩张,肝细胞肿大并空泡化,部分肝细胞破裂,细胞轮廓模糊不清．感染鳗弧菌者较感染嗜水气单胞菌者病变现象更明显,肝细胞多数破裂,细胞核圊缩、破裂、溶解,只剩下肝组织结构的网状支架和细胞碎片．     

姜黄汤对体育专业学生免疫指标的影响

为观察姜黄汤（自拟方）对体育专业学生免疫功能相关指标的影响,采用双盲法将20名湘南学院体育教育专业学生随机分为对照组和实验组,实验组学生每天早晚各服姜黄汤200ml,分别于实验前后测定两组学生免疫相关指标．结果发现实验后对照组学生的各项免疫指标明显低于实验前,表现出明显的免疫抑制现象．实验组学生服用姜黄汤后,免疫球蛋白IgG、IgA以及淋巴细胞（LYM）计数较实验前升高,与对照组相比有显著差异（P〈0．05）;白细胞总数（WBC）、粒细胞（GRAN）虽略有下降,但明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）．提示服用姜黄汤能有效增强实验学生的免疫机能,对抗运动对机体的免疫抑制作用．     

平消胶囊对手术后Ⅰ～Ⅱa期非小细胞肺癌的治疗分析

目的：观察平消胶囊对手术后Ⅰ～Ⅱa期非小细胞肺癌的l、3年生存率，免疫功能及生存质量的影响。方法：全部患者均经病理证实的非小细胞肺癌。根据临床和术后病理确定为Ⅰ～Ⅱa期，Karnofsky评分≥70分，年龄在35-75岁。治疗组术后两周给予平消胶囊治疗，一次4～5粒，3次／d，90d为一疗程，对照组术后不给予任何治疗。治疗结束后对两组病人的1、3年生存率，免疫功能及生存质量进行评估。结果：治疗组1、3年生存率分别为95．5％、66．5%；对照组为94．0％、64．5％。两组1、3年生存率差异无显著性（P〉0．05），治疗组外周血T细胞亚群、T淋巴细胞的比值明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）。生存质量（生活质量调查、体重、卡氏评分）明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：平消胶囊具有增加患者免疫力及提高生存质量的作用，但对术后Ⅰ～Ⅱa期非小细胞肺癌的生存率（1、3年生存率）无明显影响。     

养鸡免疫接种十法

免疫接种是养鸡场必不可少的工作,免疫的成败事关养鸡效益的高低。实践证明：在相同条件下,选择有效的免疫方法,可获得较高的免疫效果。笔者收集养鸡者的体会,结合理论概括出十种方法及适用役苗种类,供广大养鸡（鹅鸭）户选择使用。１．滴鼻点眼法。将５００只剂量的疫苗用２５毫升灭菌生理盐水稀释摇匀,用标准滴管（眼药水塑料瓶也可）各在鸡的眼、鼻孔滴一滴（约０．０５毫升）,让疫苗从鸡气管吸入肺内,渗入眼中,此法适合雏鸡的鸡瘟Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ系疫苗和传支、传喉等弱毒疫苗的接种,它使鸡苗接种均匀,免疫效果较好,被养殖户称为…     

分析一道中考光学题

例（2006年河北课改区）小明在探究凸透镜成像规律时，保持凸透镜的位置不变。先后把蜡烛放在a、b、c、d四点并分别调整光屏的位置，如图所示．探究后总结出下列说法，其中正确的是（ ）     

植物凝集素对昆明小鼠淋巴细胞转化率的研究

淋巴细胞对抗原有丝分裂原和抗受体抗体的反应能力是衡量机体免疫状况和淋巴细胞功能状态的重要指标．测定小鼠对植物凝集素的最大耐受性、半致死剂量（LD50），据此测定T淋巴细胞的应答功能，并指导临床用药的剂量．实验采用的方法是腹腔注射不同剂量的植物凝集素，采血进行涂片，用形态学计数的方法来测定淋巴细胞的转化率。     

卡介苗加脂多糖诱发小鼠免疫性肝损伤模型的研究

小鼠免疫性肝损伤模型较接近于人类肝炎发病机制,对其进行研究具有重要意义。不同剂量的卡介苗（BCG）和脂多糖（LPS）以一定时间间隔相继静脉注射会引起不同程度的肝损伤。实验结果发现BCG1mg／R＋LPS8ug／只相隔12天注射,肝损伤较其它组明显,BCG加LPS诱导的肝损伤模型是一种较新的模型。既可用于从免疫途径筛选新药,亦可用于免疫与肝细胞损伤机理的研究。     

氯地酚和FSH对猕猴超数排卵的比较及其在兔输卵管内受精的研究

在不考虑月经周期的情况下连续灌喂氯地酚5天,每天50mg,第8天肌注hCG2000IU,对猕猴具有一定的卵泡超数发育作用,最多可使双侧卵巢共24个卵泡发育,最大卵泡直径5—6mm,但不同个体反应变化较大。FSH hCG超排方案(考虑或不考虑月经周期,连续肌注FSH6天,共80—90IU,第8天肌注hCG2500IU)比氯地酚效果较好,最多可使双侧卵巢共28个卵泡发育,卵泡最大直径10mm,另外在1只猕猴观察到5个卵泡破裂将卵排出。电刺激采得之猕猴精子经洗涤后与用以上两种超排方案以卵泡吸得之卵子一同输入兔输卵管进行受精,获得2个原核期受精卵和1个桑椹胚。     

优良菌对原油降解性能的试验研究

以原油为唯一碳源,从长期被石油污染土壤的浸泡液中分离、筛选出二株降解原油的优良菌SY4和SY6,初步鉴定为:SY4和SY6为芽孢杆菌属;通过降解性能实验的研究得出:2株菌对原油都有较强的降解能力,在摇床实验中,单一菌株在5天后的原油降解率都高于60%.摇床实验和静态曝气实验都得出:SY6的降解能力比SY4强.实验研究结果为其实际应用提供了一定的生物基础.     

Protective effect of DNA-mediated immunization with liposome-encapsulated GRA4 against infection of Toxoplasma gondii

The dense granule protein 4 (GRA4) is a granular protein from Toxoplasma gondii, and is a candidate for vaccination against this parasite. In this study, the plasmid pcDNA3. 1-GRA4 (pGRA4), encoding for the GRA4 antigen, was incorporated by the dehydration-rehydration method into liposomes composed of 16 mmol/L egg phosphatidylcholine (PC), 8 mmol/L dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE), and 4 mmol/L 1,2-diodeoyl-3-(trimethylammonium) propane (DOTAP). C57BL/6 mice and BALB/c mice were immunized intramuscularly three times with liposome-encapsulated pGRA4 to determine whether DNA immunization could elicit a protective immune response to T. gondii. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of sera from immunized mice showed that liposome-encapsulated pGRA4 generated high levels of IgG antibodies to GRA4. Production of primary interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-2 in GRA4-stimulated splenocytes from vaccinated mice suggested a modulated Th1-type response. 72.7% of C57BL/6 mice immunized with liposome-encapsulated pGRA4 survived the challenge with 80 tissue cysts of ME49 strain, whereas C57BL/6 mice immunized with pGRA4 had only a survival rate of 54.5%. When immunized BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally challenged with 103 tachyzoites of the highly virulent RH strain, the survival time of mice immunized with liposome-encapsulated pGRA4 was markedly longer than that of other groups. Our observations show that liposome-encapsulated pGRA4 enhanced the protective effect against infection of T. gondii.     

贮藏温度对鱼腥草地下茎保鲜效果的研究

将鱼腥草地下茎置于室温(30±2℃)、19±1℃和4±1℃下贮藏,研究贮藏温度对其外观、营养成分含量变化的影响.室温下,2d后,根变黑,茎变绿色,有的茎尖已腐烂;5d后,已不能食用.19±1℃下,9d后,根、茎尖、茎切口处开始腐烂;22d后,已不能食用.4±1℃下,32d后,茎切口开始腐烂,根干枯;42d后,已不能食用.三个温度下,含水量、脂肪、蛋白质都是随着贮期的延长而缓慢的降低;维生素C的含量都是随着贮期的延长先升高后降低;可溶性糖在室温下随贮藏期延长而升高,其余两个温度下随着贮期的延长先升高后降低.     

原油降解菌的筛选及其降解性能研究

从茂名炼油厂附近长期被石油污染的土壤中分离出2株能够以原油为惟一碳源和能源的原油降解菌株,经鉴定分属假单胞菌属和芽孢杆菌属。进一步研究了2株菌原油降解特性及其影响因素,结果表明：2株菌5d原油平均降解率分别为42．8％和44．7％;在pH接近7．0,NaCI的质量浓度为10g/L,表面活性剂吐温-80的质量浓度为40mg／L时降解效果最佳。     

血必净在急性有机磷农药中毒中的应用

目的观察血必净注射液在治疗急性有机磷农药中毒时的疗效。方法将82例急性有机磷农药中毒患者随机分为血必净治疗组（40例）与对照组（42例）,在正规使用阿托品及胆碱酯酶复能剂治疗的基础上,治疗组加用血必净100ml静脉点滴,每天一次,共3天,50ml静脉点滴,每天一次,共4天,总疗程一周。观察治疗过程中两组间全血胆碱酯酶及C反应蛋白差别,统计平均住院时间及死亡率。结果治疗前后,血必净治疗组及对照组的全血胆碱酯酶均有恢复,且治疗组较对照组恢复速度快（P〈O．05）。在C反应蛋白水平治疗后第3、4天数值较前均有所改善（P〈0．05）,治疗组改善更著（P〈O．05）。治疗组平均住院时间明显少于对照组（P〈O．05）。结论血必净注射液能有效促进血胆碱酯酶恢复,较好调控机体炎症反应过程,改善SIRS症状,缩短住院时间,取得满意的疗效。     

Protective effect of DNA-mediated immunization with liposome-encapsulated GRA4 against infection of Toxoplasma gondii

The dense granule protein 4 (GRA4) is a granular protein from Toxoplasma gondii, and is a candidate for vaccination against this parasite. In this study, the plasmid pcDNA3.1-GRA4 (pGRA4), encoding for the GRA4 antigen, was incorporated by the dehydration-rehydration method into liposomes composed of 16 mmol/L egg phosphatidylcholine (PC), 8 mmol/L dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE), and 4 mmol/L 1,2-diodeoyl-3-(trimethylammonium) propane (DOTAP). C57BL/6 mice and BALB/c mice were immunized intramuscularly three times with liposome-encapsulated pGRA4 to determine whether DNA immunization could elicit a protective immune response to T. gondii. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of sera from immunized mice showed that liposome-encapsulated pGRA4 generated high levels of IgG antibodies to GRA4. Production of primary interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-2 in GRA4-stimulated splenocytes from vaccinated mice suggested a modulated Th1-type response. 72.7% of C57BL/6 mice immunized with liposome-encapsulated pGRA4 survived the challenge with 80 tissue cysts of ME49 strain, whereas C57BL/6 mice immunized with pGRA4 had only a survival rate of 54.5%. When immunized BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally challenged with 10³ tachyzoites of the highly virulent RH strain, the survival time of mice immunized with liposome-encapsulated pGRA4 was markedly longer than that of other groups. Our observations show that liposome-encapsulated pGRA4 enhanced the protective effect against infection of T. gondii. Project supported by the Science Foundation of the Health Bureau of Zhejiang Province, China (Nos. 2003QN003 and 2005A001) and the Science Foundation of the Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province, China (No. 2006C13022)     

Categorization and memory retrieval by three-month-olds

84 3-month-olds were tested in 3 studies of the acquisition and long-term retention of category-specific information. Infants who were trained with a perceptibly different member of an alphanumeric category on each of 3 days generalized responding to a novel instance of the original training category but not a novel member of a novel category during a 24-hour novelty test. 2 weeks later, when infants displayed no evidence of remembering their prior training experience, categorization was reinstated if a novel exemplar from the original training category was used as the retrieval cue in a memory reactivation procedure. A novel exemplar from a novel category was not an effective retrieval cue. The effectiveness of the category-specific retrieval cue was a function of its physical similarity to the individual exemplars encountered during training, not testing. The background against which the alphanumeric exemplars were displayed during training was not an effective retrieval cue in either the 24-hour novelty test or the memory reactivation procedure, indicating that all invariant stimulus attributes do not contribute equally as category cues. These data are the first to document retention of category-specific information after extended intervals. A popular account of categorization holds that infants abstract invariant features from individual exemplars and form a schema or distinctive memory representation of these shared features against which subsequent exemplars are compared. The present data provide support for a more parsimonious account of categorization, based on the retrieval of information about individual exemplars, that does not require an assumption of prototype formation.     

甲氨蝶呤联合益赛普治疗类风湿风湿关节炎

目的评价甲氨蝶呤联合益赛普治疗类风湿关节炎（RA）临床疗效以及安全性.方法随机将90例类风湿关节炎患者分为2组：联合治疗组45例,口服甲氨蝶呤10～15 mg 1次/周,益赛普50 mg 1次/周,皮下注射;对照组45例单用甲氨蝶呤10～15mg 1次/周.疗程为3月,对2组的临床症状及实验室指标改善情况进行评价.结果2组的临床症状即关节疼痛数、关节肿胀数的改善均有良好效果,联合治疗组优于对照组;2组治疗后血沉（ESR）、C反应蛋白（CRP）均明显降低,且联合治疗组优于对照组.安全性方面,联合用药组一例出现肺部感染,停药及给予消炎药后好转.1例最初出现注射局部皮肤红肿伴瘙痒,3d后自行消失,未影响患者正常用药.对照组1例于服用甲氨蝶呤第2日出现头晕及胃肠道不适,1例出现口腔溃疡,1例化验血常规白细胞降低.结论甲氨蝶呤联合益赛普治疗类风湿关节炎疗效肯定,不良反应少,且明显较单用甲氨蝶呤组效果好.