江苏省成年人体力活动水平及其影响因素分析——基于大样本横断面调查

目的:调查江苏省各地区人群体力活动量现状并对其特征进行研究分析。方法:采用国际体力活动短问卷在省内104个县/区按照PPS抽样原则进行抽样调查。结果:江苏省常住人口的体力活动水平高度活跃率为40.9%;男性高度活跃率为43.0%,女性为38.6%,男性每周总体力活动量、每日MVPA时间高于女性,男女间差异显著(p<0.01);20-39岁年龄组高度活跃率为36.8%,40-59岁年龄组为45.6%;站立走动为主人群的体力活动水平高度活跃率最高(51.4%),但是该人群的经常锻炼人群比例最低(16.4%);城镇人群的高度活跃率低于农村人群,但是经常锻炼人口比例高于农村人群;学历高的人群体力活动水平高度活跃率低,但是经常锻炼人口比例较高。结论:1江苏省常住人口的体力活动高度活跃率为40.9%,低于我国上海地区,也低于主要发达国家的水平;2江苏男性的体力活动水平高于女性,40岁以后的成年人体力活动水平高于年轻人群,农村人群体力活动水平高于城镇人群;3本研究还发现,与工作方式相关的体力活动量对日常体力活动量的影响较大,体重超重人群表现出更加强烈的锻炼积极性。     

运动对人体组成影响的研究进展 ——第九届国际人体组成学研讨会综述

综述了第九届国际人体组成学研讨会中有关运动对人体组成影响的研究,为读者介绍在此领域里国内外的最新研究动态。依据研究对象的不同,将有关运动对人体组成影响的研究大致分为3个方面：运动对一般人群人体组成的影响、运动员的人体组成、运动对疾病患者人体组成的影响,并分别概述了有关研究内容。与其他国家的研究相比,国内研究虽然在数量上占优势（国内文章有22篇,其他国家11篇）,但在质量上要弱于其他国家,国内学者更多地采用生物电阻抗的方法,探讨运动单一因素和对人体组成影响,较少考虑到饮食、能量平衡等因素对人体组成的影响。对群体日常体力活动量与人体组成的影响研究中,量化体力活动量多采用加速度计,得到的结果与真实的日常体力活动量还有一定的差距。我们期待新技术和新方法的出现,以便为日常体力活动量与人体组成的量效关系研究带来便捷。     

南京市中老年社区居民体质状况评价及与体力活动的相关研究

目的:探讨南京市40～59岁中老年社区居民体质健康状况、体力活动情况以及两者之间的相关关系.方法:分别采用<中国成年人体质健康标准>和<居民健康及体力活动量调查表>,对社区居民进行体质测试和体力活动量调查.共1993人参加测试,其中男性960人,女性1033人.结果显示:1)南京市社区40-59周岁的中老年居民的体质综合得分仅达及格水平;女性居民的体质健康优秀率和良好率均高于男性.2)75.98%的男性居民体重处于超重或肥胖状态,女性居民超重或肥胖率为63.16%;正常体重组体质综合得分最高,低体重和超重肥胖组较低;体重过重或过轻均会对身体机能和素质产生负面影响.3)南京市城市社区居民体力活动以中低强度为主,女性居民每周体力活动能量消耗显著高于男性(P<0.01);居民体力活动的主要构成来源为职业劳动、家务劳动和交通出行的体力活动.4)居民体力活动每周消耗MET-min均值和体质综合得分呈显著正相关(P<0.01),体力活动是体质健康的保护性因素;有规律地参加体育锻炼活动越多,体质健康收益越大.5)居民超重或肥胖与大、中等强度体力活动不足密切相关.     

体力活动对大学男生力量素质的影响——以井冈山大学为例

目的通过对井冈山大学非体育类专业男大学生体力活动的调查和力量素质的测试,准确了解体力活动对男大学生力量素质的影响;以此来更好的指导学生加强体育锻炼,提高身体素质。方法采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、测试调查法和数理统计法进行整理分析。结果与结论不同体力活动量对男大学生力量素质具有不同的影响,在一定范围内随着体力活动量的不断加深,并辅之于具体的体力活动计划,对男大学生发展力量素质具有积极作用。     

体力活动与健康的剂量—效应关系研究进展

进行规律性的体力活动有利于提高健康效益、降低疾病风险,大量的研究证实了体力活动与健康之间存在着剂量-效应关系.从体力活动概念,历史演变过程,体力活动量的各单因素(量、强度、频率、时间)等方面概述了体力活动与健康之间的剂量-效应关系.通过历史回顾厘清了体力活动中“剂量”这一概念由“体力活动总量→业余时间运动量→运动量单因素”的演化过程,对建立在剂量-效应理论基础上的运动推荐量的发展做了详细的论述,并深入探讨了运动量、强度、频率、持续时间各单因素与健康之间可能存在的剂量-效应关系曲线模型特征.     

Research on China＇s Private Entrepreneurs＇ Physical Activity Level and Amount of Physical Activity

以中国义乌小商品城287名民营企业家为例,以体力活动阶段量表、国际体力活动量表（短卷）为评估工具,探讨民营企业家体力活动阶段分布特征,体力活动量及阶段分布与体力活动量的相关性。结果显示,民营企业家阶段分布特征明显,体力活动量较低,不同体力活动阶段的体力活动量有差异。     

我国民营企业家体力活动阶段与体力活动量的相关研究

以中国义乌小商品城287名民营企业家为例,以体力活动阶段量表、国际体力活动量表（短卷）为评估工具,探讨民营企业家体力活动阶段分布特征,体力活动量及阶段分布与体力活动量的相关性。结果显示,民营企业家阶段分布特征明显,体力活动量较低,不同体力活动阶段的体力活动量有差异。     

银川市社区居民体力活动现状调查与分析

目的:调查银川市居民体力活动现状并对其进行分析。方法:采用IPAQ-长卷对银川市社区居民进行调查。结果:高水平体力活动者为55.3%,中等水平者为36%。男性的一周VPA显著高于女性(P<0.05);大专及以上教育程度者TPA、MPA和WPA都显著低于其他教育程度者(P<0.05);85%的居民达到了世卫组织推荐的身体活动量。结论:银川城市居民体力活动水平较高,中等强度体力活动和步行体力活动的比例大;男性在VPA上显著高于女性,但在其他方面与女性无显著差异;受教育程度对体力活动的影响较大;大多数社区居民达到了世卫组织推荐的身体活动量。     

建成环境对交通性体力活动的影响:研究进展概述

建成环境对交通性体力活动的影响是公共健康研究领域的新热点。为此,本文针对国外近10年中有关交通距离、土地混合使用、人口密度、步行和自行车基础设施、街道连通性和网络设计、交通安全和环境美观等建成环境要素对人们出行方式和交通性体力活动影响的研究进行综述。多数研究认为,这些建成环境要素会不同程度地影响人们步行、自行车等积极性出行方式的选择,改善建成环境要素可能有助于交通性体力活动量的增加。这提示了我们可以通过合理的城市规划、交通系统发展和公共政策制订来提高人们的交通性体力活动量。     

厦门市体育产业的可持续发展战略

运用经济学、社会学、体育学和城市规划等理论,采用文献资料法、市场调查法、问卷调查法、数据查询法和数理统计法等研究方法,对厦门市体育产业的现状进行了全面的评估,分析了厦门市体育产业可持续发展的制约因素,提出了厦门市体育产业可持续发展的战略目标和战略重点以及相应的战略措施。     

体力活动对痴呆患者认知功能干预效果的Meta分析

目的:系统评价体力活动对痴呆患者认知功能的干预效果。方法:计算机检索PubMed、Web of Science、The Cochrane Library、EMbase、Medline、CBM、CNKI、VIP和Wan Fang Data数据库中有关体力活动对痴呆患者认知功能的随机对照试验(RCTs),检索时限均从各个数据库收录起始年限至2018年7月27日,使用PEDro量表进行方法学质量评价,采用Revman5.3软件进行Meta分析,采用Stata14.0软件进行发表偏倚检验。结果:共纳入24个RCT,包括1581例痴呆患者。Meta分析结果显示:体力活动对痴呆患者整体认知功能(MD=2.17,95%CI:1.50,2.84,P<0.00001)有积极的影响。亚组分析结果显示:体力活动对AD患者(MD=2.40,95%CI:1.58,3.23,P<0.00001)与合并AD患者(MD=1.45,95%CI:0.41,2.48,P=0.006)的整体认知功能优于对照组;有氧运动(MD=2.43,95%CI:1.63,3.23,P<0.00001)与混合运动(MD=1.48,95%CI:0.08,2.87,P=0.04)对痴呆患者整体认知功能优于对照组,但抗阻运动(MD=1.70,95%CI:-0.15,3.55,P=0.07)与太极拳运动(MD=0.92,95%CI:-2.98,4.82,P=0.64)与对照组差异无统计学意义;高频率体力活动(MD=1.64,95%CI:0.25,3.04,P=0.02)与低频率体力活动(MD=2.33,95%CI:1.57,3.09,P<0.00001)对痴呆患者的整体认知功能均优于对照组。不同认知领域Meta分析结果显示:体力活动对痴呆患者执行功能(SMD=0.08,95%CI:-0.05,0.20,P=0.22)、TMT-A与TMT-B(SMD=-0.05,95%CI:-0.26,0.16,P=0.63)和记忆功能(SMD=0.15,95%CI:-0.06,0.37,P=0.17)与对照组相比差异无统计学意义,只有注意力(SMD=0.18,95%CI:0.02,0.35,P=0.03)优于对照组。结论:体力活动干预对AD患者与合并AD患者的整体认知功能有积极影响,并且有氧与混合、高频率与低频率的体力活动干预对所有痴呆患者的整体认知功能同样有效,不同认知领域中只有注意力有改善效果。     

Physical activity and chronic back conditions: A population-based pooled study of 60,134 adults

BackgroundLittle is known about the association between different types of physical activity (PA) and chronic back conditions (CBCs) at the population level. We investigated the association between levels of total and type-specific PA participation and CBCs.MethodsThe sample comprised 60,134 adults aged ≥16 years who participated in the Health Survey for England and Scottish Health Survey from 1994 to 2008. Multiple logistic regression models, adjusted for potential confounders, were used to examine the association between total and type-specific PA volume (walking, domestic activity, sport/exercise, cycling, football/rugby, running/jogging, manual work, and housework) and the prevalence of CBCs.ResultsWe found an inverse association between total PA volume and prevalence of CBCs. Compared with inactive participants, the fully adjusted odds ratio (OR) for very active participants (≥15 metabolic equivalent h/week) was 0.77 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.69–0.85). Participants reporting ≥300 min/week of moderate-intensity activity and ≥75 min/week of vigorous-intensity activity had 24% (95%CI: 6%–39%) and 21% (95%CI: 11%–30%) lower odds of CBCs, respectively. Higher odds of CBCs were observed for participation in high-level manual domestic activity (OR = 1.22; 95%CI: 1.00–1.48). Sport/exercise was associated with CBCs in a less consistent manner (e.g., OR = 1.18 (95%CI: 1.06–1.32) for low levels and OR = 0.82 (95%CI: 0.72–0.93) for high levels of sport/exercise).ConclusionPA volume is inversely associated with the prevalence of CBCs.     

我国成年人选择反应时状况分析

采用实验及数理统计法，对2000年国家国民体质监测的成年组（20～69岁）约173600人的选择反应时进行统计分析。结果表明：我国成年人的选择反应时先是随年龄的增长而减少，男子在22岁、女子在21岁之后随年龄的增长而延长。男子的选择反应时要短于女子，差异具有高度显著性（P〈0．01）；体质水平与选择反应时呈中度负相关归（r=-0．546），体质好的人群选择反应时要短；参与锻炼人群的选择反应时要短于不锻炼的人群，差异具有非常显著性（P〈0．001）。     

Adolescent physical fitness and activity as predictors of adulthood activity

A 25-year population-based study was conducted to determine how physical fitness and participation in leisure-time physical activity in adolescence (age 12-18 years) predict leisure-time physical activity in adulthood (age 37-43 years). In 1976, five field tests were conducted to measure muscular fitness, agility and aerobic capacity, and self-report weekly frequencies of activity were obtained by questionnaire. A modified questionnaire was repeated in 2001, when participants were age 37-43 years (N = 1525). On the basis of the questionnaire, a physical activity index was calculated both in 1976 and 2001. The odds ratios (OR) for being inactive in adulthood among those who were physically very active in adolescence compared with those who were inactive in adolescence was 0.13 for males (95%CI: 0.06-0.31) and 0.28 for females (95%CI: 0.13-0.59). The odds ratio for adult inactivity among males in the highest versus lowest fitness group in adolescence was 0.24 (95%CI: 0.07-0.81). Activity in adolescence predicted activity in adulthood in both males and females. The risk for adult inactivity was significantly lower for those who were physically active in adolescence. In addition, high fitness predicted adult activity among males but not among females.     

Replacement of leisure-time sedentary behavior with various physical activities and the risk of dementia incidence and mortality: A prospective cohort study

BackgroundWhether or not there is targeted pharmacotherapy for dementia, an active and healthy lifestyle that includes physical activity (PA) may be a better option than medication for preventing dementia. We examined the association between leisure-time sedentary behavior (SB) and the risk of dementia incidence and mortality. We further quantified the effect on dementia risk of replacing sedentary time with an equal amount of time spent on different physical activities.MethodsIn the UK Biobank, 484,169 participants (mean age = 56.5 years; 45.2% men) free of dementia were followed from baseline (2006–2010) through July 30, 2021. A standard questionnaire measured individual leisure-time SB (watching TV, computer use, and driving) and PA (walking for pleasure, light and heavy do-it-yourself activity, strenuous sports, and other exercise) frequency and duration in the 4 weeks prior to evaluation. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype data were available for a subset of 397,519 (82.1%) individuals. A Cox proportional hazard model and an isotemporal substitution model were used in this study.ResultsDuring a median 12.4 years of follow-up, 6904 all-cause dementia cases and 2115 deaths from dementia were recorded. In comparison to participants with leisure-time SB <5 h/day, the hazard ratio ((HR), 95% confidence interval (95%CI)) of dementia incidence was 1.07 (1.02–1.13) for 5–8 h/day and 1.25 (1.13–1.38) for >8 h/day, and the HR of dementia mortality was 1.35 (1.12–1.61) for >8 h/day. A 1 standard deviation increment of sedentary time (2.33 h/day) was strongly associated with a higher incidence of dementia and mortality (HR = 1.06, 95%CI: 1.03–1.08 and HR = 1.07, 95%CI: 1.03–1.12, respectively). The association between sedentary time and the risk of developing dementia was more profound in subjects <60 years than in those ≥60 years (HR = 1.26, 95%CI: 1.00–1.58 vs. HR = 1.21, 95%CI: 1.08–1.35 in >8 h/day, p for interaction = 0.013). Replacing 30 min/day of leisure sedentary time with an equal time spent in total PA was associated with a 6% decreased risk and 9% decreased mortality from dementia, with exercise (e.g., swimming, cycling, aerobics, bowling) showing the strongest benefit (HR = 0.82, 95%CI: 0.78–0.86 and HR = 0.79, 95%CI: 0.72–0.86). Compared with APOE ε4 noncarriers, APOE ε4 carriers are more likely to see a decrease in Alzheimer's disease incidence and mortality when PA is substituted for SB.ConclusionLeisure-time SB was positively associated with the risk of dementia incidence and mortality. Replacing sedentary time with equal time spent doing PA may be associated with a significant reduction in dementia incidence and mortality risk.     

少年和成年业余长跑运动员急性耐力运动后心脏自主神经恢复观察研究

目的:观察少年和成年男子业余跑运动员一次急性耐力运动后心率变异(HRV)变化特征,并探讨运动后HRV变化生理学意义。方法:少年(14.4±1.3岁)与成年(25.7±2.8岁)受试者各10名,进行1次90min、强度为95%个体无氧阈强度跑台运动。在运动前、运动后15min以及运动后6h测定HRV。结果:运动后15min,TPLn、HFnu和HRV各时域指标明显低于运动前水平,LFnu和LF/HF显著升高;少年受试者HFnu降幅、LFnu和LF/HF升幅明显低于成年受试者(P<0.05)。运动后6h,HRV各指标均已恢复,其中,TPLn、SDNN、HFnu和RMSSD有反弹的迹象。运动后HFnu相对运动前的降幅与受试者年龄呈负相关关系(r=-0.645,P<0.01,n=20);另外,HFnu、TPLn相对运动前降低程度与运动前水平高度负相关(P<0.05,n=20)。结论:一次急性耐力运动后HRV出现短暂抑制现象,少年受试者运动后HRV降低幅度相对成年较低,可能与发育成熟度不同有关,急性运动后HRV变化可能是运动适应的生理表现。     

Improving cognitive and physical function through 12-weeks of resistance training in older adults: Randomized controlled trial

ABSTRACT

We performed a randomized, controlled trial to analyse the effects of resistance training (RT) on cognitive and physical function among older adults. Fifty participants (mean age 67 years, ~60% woman) were randomly assigned to an RT program or a control group. Participants allocated to RT performed three sets of 10-15RM in nine exercises, three times per week, for 12-weeks. Control group did not perform any exercise. Variables included cognitive (global and executive function) and physical function (gait, mobility and strength) outcomes. At completion of the intervention, RT was shown to have significantly mitigated the drop in selective attention and conflict resolution performance (Stroop test: -494.6; 95%CI: -883.1; ?106.1) and promoted a significant improvement in working memory (digit span forward: -0.6; 95%CI: ?1.0; ?0.1 and forward minus backward: -0.9; 95% CI: ?1.6; ?0.2) and verbal fluency (animal naming: +1.4, 95%CI 0.3, 2.5). No significant between-group differences were observed for other cognitive outcomes. Regarding physical function, at completion of the intervention, the RT group demonstrated improved fast-pace gait performance (?0.3; 95% CI: ?0.6; ?0.0) and 1-RM (+21.4 kg; 95%CI: 16.6; 26.2). No significant between-group differences were observed for other mobility-related outcomes. In conclusion, RT improves cognitive and physical function of older adults.     

轻度智障儿童基本运动技能与体力活动水平的关系

目的调查轻度智障儿童基本运动技能(FMS)与体力活动水平,探讨二者之间的关系,为该群体运动参与能力的提升及其健康促进提供指导思路。方法选取上海市65名轻度智障儿童作为调查对象,运用TGMD-2和ActiGraph GT3X+三轴加速度传感器分别对其FMS及体力活动水平进行测量和评价,对相关数据进行统计分析。结果轻度智障儿童FMS平均总得分为(67.82±7.31)分,其中位移技能得分显著高于物理控制技能(P<0.01),男生位移技能得分显著高于女生(P<0.05),但物体控制技能无显著性别差异(P>0.05)。15.6%的轻度智障儿童能满足每天60 min中高强度体力活动(MVPA)推荐量,男生平均每天MVPA时间显著高于女生(P<0.01),周末日体力活动时间显著高于上学日(P<0.01)。总体上轻度智障儿童的低强度体力活动(LPA)、MVPA和总体力活动(TPA)时间与FMS得分均呈正相关(r=0.351~0.547,P<0.05)。FMS得分对轻度智障儿童平均每天MVPA时间、TPA时间具有解释意义(R^2=0.381,P<0.01;R^2=0.409,P<0.01)。位移技能是解释每天MVPA时间的唯一变量(β=0.490,P<0.01)。结论轻度智障儿童的FMS发展与体力活动水平整体呈正相关关系,基于该群体技能发展层面的体力活动促进是该领域相关研究的重要方向。     

Prevalence and correlates of meeting the muscle-strengthening exercise recommendations among Chinese children and adolescents: Results from 2019 Physical Activity and Fitness in China—The Youth Study

PurposeThis study aimed to describe the national prevalence of Chinese children and adolescents who met the World Health Organization muscle-strengthening exercise (MSE) recommendations and identify correlates of meeting the MSE recommendations.MethodsCross-sectional data from the 2019 Physical Activity and Fitness in China—The Youth Study, a nationally representative sample of Chinese children and adolescents (n = 80,413; mean age = 13.7 years; 53.9% girls) and their parents, were analyzed. Children and adolescents who reported engaging ≥3 days (up to 7 days) of MSE per week were classified as meeting the MSE recommendations. MSE, demographics, lifestyle behaviors (sport participation, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, screen time, and sleep duration), exercise intention, peer and parental support, and parental MSE participation were assessed through self-reports. Logistic regression models were used to determine the correlates of meeting the MSE recommendations. The analyses were completed in 2020.ResultsOverall, 39.3% of children and adolescents met the MSE recommendations. Girls, 10th–12th graders, minorities, those from lower income households and those from families with lower parental education were less likely to meet the MSE recommendations. Children and adolescents who were proficient in ≥2 sports were more likely to meet the MSE recommendations (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.44, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 1.26–1.65), as were those with more moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (aOR = 1.57, 95%CI: 1.53–1.61). Additionally, children and adolescents with high exercise intention (aOR = 1.60, 95%CI: 1.51–1.69), those whose parents met the adult MSE recommendations (aOR = 1.46, 95%CI: 1.40–1.52), and those who received high peer (aOR = 1.27, 95%CI: 1.20–1.34) and parental support (aOR = 1.07, 95%CI: 1.04–1.12) were more likely to meet the MSE recommendations.ConclusionLess than two-fifths of Chinese children and adolescents met the World Health Organization MSE recommendations. The correlates identified in our study can help inform the development of school and community based strategies and policies to enhance participation in MSE and improve muscular fitness of all Chinese children and adolescents.     

12周惯性哑铃练习对轻度认知损害老年人的干预效果

目的观察12周惯性哑铃练习对轻度认知损害(MCI)老年人认知功能、身体活动能力、生活质量和睡眠质量的影响,并探讨认知改善与其他功能改变之间的关系。方法将45名MCI老年人随机分为干预组(n=22)和对照组(n=23)。干预组受试者进行惯性哑铃练习(3次/周,60 min/次,持续12周),对照组不进行运动干预。结果 12周后,干预组受试者阿尔茨海默病评定量表-认知部分(ADAS-Cog)总分/指令得分、蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评分、起立行走计时(TUG)和SF-36健康调查问卷(SF-36)心理总得分均显著改善(均P<0.05)。与对照组相比,干预组受试者ADAS-Cog总分/单词回忆得分/注意力得分、简明精神量表(MMSE)评分、TUG和匹兹堡睡眠指数(PSQI)的改善程度均具有显著差异(P<0.05或P=0.05)。偏相关分析结果显示,SF-36心理总得分改变(r=-0.712)、PSQI改变(r=-0.380)与认知改善程度均呈显著负相关。结论 12周惯性哑铃练习可显著提高MCI老年人的认知功能,并对其移动能力、生活质量和睡眠质量具有积极影响,且心理和睡眠改变程度可能影响认知功能的改善效果。