2008年奥运会我国竞技体操国家级教练员应具素质的模糊分析

社会的发展、科技的进步、竞技体操赛场竞争程度的提高给教练员提出了新要求，章分析了竞技体操国家级教练员的素质结构，运用模糊数学的一些方法进行推理论证，通过定性分析和定量计算的方式初步建立了竞技体操高级教练员的评估模型，为我国竞技体操的发展提出了有益见解，为2008年北京奥运会竞技体操多年训练计划中教练员的培养和管理提供了参考依据。     

我国体操后备人才培养研究

运用文献资料法、数理统计法,以我国各省(区市)竞技体操运动员、教练员数量结构与大赛成绩为研究对象,对竞技体操运动员、教练员配置状况与效益进行研究,旨在为我国竞技体操后备人才培养提供参考.主要结论:我国竞技体操人力资源配置在空间与数量结构上欠合理,选材面狭窄,效益不平衡,人力资源配置目标分化,部分省(区市)围绕"全运战略"进行人力资源分配,奥运战略在运动员与教练员资源配置中的基础作用有待加强.     

中国、美国竞技体操管理体制的比较研究

通过文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法和比较研究等方法对中美竞技体操管理体制的具体情况进行比较分析,从竞技体操管理机构及其主要功能、经济保障、后备人才培养情况、体操运动员选拔与输送机制、赛制、与群众性竞技体操的结合、教练员选拔机制等方面进行比较分析和讨论,找出各自的优势和劣势,为我国竞技体操的持续健康协调发展提供有益的参考。     

陕西省竞技体操现状研究

运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、访谈法等研究方法,对陕西省竞技体操从管理体制、训练体制、教练员状况、运动员状况、基层训练点、科研工作、场地器材等方面进行研究。发现陕西省竞技体操现状存在体制不合理、教练员科学训练水平低、运动员尚未形成良好的梯队建设、基层训练点少且条件差等问题。     

从“96年奥运体操赛势”和“97年体操赛制的变革”看中国体操的发展趋势及应变策略

通过对1996年奥运体操赛势和1997年体操赛制变革的情况分析，就我国体操发展情况进行评述，并探索性阐述竞技体操今后发展趋势以及我国现阶段的应变策略，供我国竞技体操教练员、科研人员参考。     

从2000年奥运体操赛势看中国体操的发展趋势和应变策略

通过对2000年奥运体操赛势和2001年体操赛制和规则的变化的情况分析，就我国体操发展情况进行评述，并探索性阐述竞技体操今后发展趋势以及我国现阶段的应变策略，供我国竞技体操教练员、科研人员参考。     

江苏省业余体校竞技体操教练员获取体育信息方式的调查与分析

运用文献资料法、问卷调查法,对江苏省业余体校竞技体操教练员获取体育信息的主要途径进行调查,对存在的问题进行客观分析,并提出了相应的建议.     

影响我国《男子体操教学训练大纲》时效性原因分析

通过文献资料法、问卷调查、专家访谈法,分析影响我国<男子体操教学训练大纲>时效性的因素.从教练员对<大纲>的执行情况调查、原因分析,对现阶段竞技体操竞赛制度的特点,以及对竞技体操基础训练的影响进行了详尽的分析,针对目前的青少年男子体操教学训练的现状,在征求体操专家建议的基础上分析了对策,为竞技体操管理部门和训练实践提供依据.     

竞技体操创新系统建构及分析

以竞技体操创新为研究对象，采用文献资料法、访问调查法、问卷调查法和案例分析法，在对竞技体操运动员竞技能力决定性因素和影响技术训练效果因素进行全面分析的基础上，以技术因素为中心，初步建立了竞技体操创新系统的理论主体框架，并对竞技体操创新系统的各构成要素进行了全面分析和研究。     

论竞技体操创新的概念与分类

创新是竞技体操的生命和制胜规律。本采用献资料法，在对查阅的献资料进行全面综合分析和归纳的基础上，阐述了竞技体操创新的概念，并对竞技体操创新进行了系统分类。     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

Identifying home advantage in international tennis and golf tournaments

A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer.     

全国城乡学生体质20年动态分析

基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。     

定向运动对大学生身心健康发展的实践研究

采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求.     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。     

上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点探析

本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。     

对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨

从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。     

提高重大体育赛事风险识别能力的研究

以风险管理理论为基础,采用文献资料法和访谈法,对重大体育赛事风险识别的理论进行了研究.建构了重大体育赛事风险识别的过程模式;提出了重大体育赛事风险识别的技术方法.