身体锻炼与心理健康

国外业已形成的锻炼心理学和健康心理学证明:身体锻炼对心理健康的影响研究正在成为一个研究热点.国内关于这方面的研究也积累了一些文献,但是不同文献中的一些概念存在许多差异.本文通过查阅相关的资料,试图对其中的一些概念和理论进行整合.     

对我国锻炼心理学学科发展现状与策略的研究

对锻炼心理学的内涵和学科建立的基础条件进行论述。在分析中、西方锻炼心理学研究成果的基础上,指出我国锻炼心理学学科发展中还存在锻炼心理学理论体系尚未完善、锻炼心理学学科高素质研究队伍建设薄弱、研究方法和手段缺乏创新、课程体系和教材建设落后等诸多不如人意的地方。由此,提出锻炼心理学学科在指导思想、学科队伍建设水平和学科建设条件、专业人才培养、研究方法和手段等方面要树立科学发展观的战略构想。     

社会性体格焦虑与锻炼动机和行为研究综述

社会性体格焦虑与锻炼动机和行为的关系在国外的研究中还存有不一致的结论,但是多数研究者肯定社会性体格焦虑对锻炼动机和行为的影响。由于国内目前仅有极个别研究者涉及此领域,本综述在介绍国内外社会性体格焦虑与锻炼动机和行为关系研究进展的同时,也希望能将此方面研究纳入我国锻炼心理学研究领域。     

中国锻炼心理学研究演进的可视化分析

为了解中国锻炼心理学的研究现状,探究其演进路径与发展脉络,更好地发展我国的锻炼心理学,本研究借助CiteSpace Ⅲ软件对CNKI收录的1 335条中文文献信息进行可视化分析。研究结果表明,近20年来我国锻炼心理学研究起步较晚、发展较快,科研数量一直处于不断发展的上升趋势。研究热点主要包括体育锻炼、心理健康、锻炼动机、运动处方、抑郁;研究对象主要是青少年和老年人。研究前沿主要表现在体育锻炼行为、精神卫生、自我决定理论、干预性研究、执行功能和认知功能、中介作用和中介效应研究等方面,并从理论层面、方法层面、应用层面等多视角对锻炼心理学的未来发展趋势进行了探讨。     

中国锻炼心理学研究方法应用现状与发展趋势研究

通过搜寻中国学术期刊全文数据库期刊导航中体育类刊物,选择了<体育科学>、<体育学刊>、<体育文化导刊>等6种体育类核心期刊,并仔细查阅了近5年来在这些期刊上发表的有关体育锻炼与心理学方面的论文143篇.概述了锻炼心理学研究的主要方法及分类,分析与评价我国锻炼心理学研究所采用的基本方法,指出锻炼心理学研究方法应用中存在的主要问题,并讨论了研究方法的变化趋势:加强哲学方法论的指导作用,注意锻炼心理学研究思路的生态化取向,注重定性研究和定量研究方法的结合,强调研究方法的综合与创新,积极引用现代前沿学科的一些最新方法.     

我国运动训练理论的演进与前沿

从学科理论构建和运动实践的角度，探究运动训理论的练演进过程和前沿问题，重点围绕运动训练理论的研究热点、前沿关键词、核心作者、作者学术合作、热点文献、高被引文献以及核心机构和高被引期刊进行分析。研究认为：田麦久、过家兴等构建的以竞技能力、训练观念等为基础的传统运动训练理论始终是研究热点；适应运动训练实践的需求，以运动生理学、运动生物化学为主的跨学科实证性研究成为运动训练理论与实践结合的发展趋势；同时，在美国、德国等国外训练理论的影响下，以核心力量为主的训练理论成为焦点问题。在建立体育智库的背景下，我国运动训练理论以百家争鸣、百花齐放的发展态势逐步走向国际训练理论研究和实践应用领域。     

普拉提研究的热点和动态分析

目的了解国外普拉提研究热点和动态。方法以Wed of ScienceTM核心合集数据库中收录的2009～2018年260篇普拉提文献为研究对象,通过CiteSpace V软件绘制相关科学知识图谱。结果和结论 2009～2018年普拉提相关研究发文量呈线性上升趋势,研究者主要来自巴西、美国、土耳其、西班牙;普拉提研究形成了以康复学、体育科学为主导的矫形外科学、老年病学科、神经科学等多学科多领域交叉态势;研究热点以康复训练展开,研究人群多为非特异性下背痛患者和老年女性;研究内容主要涉及疼痛、身体障碍、肌肉力量、平衡性、稳定性以及柔韧等;研究方向从康复学和体育科学逐渐向心理学领域延伸。     

我国锻炼心理学学科建设与发展

在分析锻炼心理学研究成果的基础上,指出我国锻炼心理学学科建设和发展中还存在理论体系不完善、学科研究队伍不强、理论与实际结合不够、研究方法与手段落后、课程体系建设滞后等许多问题.提出锻炼心理学在指导思想、学科队伍建设及理论与实践等方面的发展构想.     

国际适应体育学研究进展与热点分析——基于《适应体育活动季刊》(APAQ)的文献分析

《适应体育活动季刊》(APAQ)是国际适应体育联盟指定的国际适应体育研究期刊,其刊发的研究成果和学术观点代表了国际适应体育学研究的前沿。运用内容分析法、文献计量法对APAQ1984—2011年所刊载的720篇文章,从研究主题、研究热点、研究对象类别、研究者和研究方法等方面进行了深入的梳理和分析。结果显示:国际适应体育学研究主题呈多元化,研究热点主要有运动科学与身体活动、心理与社会、运动行为、测量/评价/分类、融合与体育课程;研究对象涉及各类特殊体育需要群体;研究者来自29个国家体育学科以及相关学科领域的专家和学者;在研究方法上,注重混合方法设计研究,其中以调查法和实验法研究为主。     

动机可塑性与群众体育锻炼——以凯里市市区群众体育锻炼为例

采用实验研究法及数理统计法等方法,以凯里市市区群众体育锻炼人群为研究对象,借鉴心理学、训练学、教育学的理论对他们的锻炼动机进行深入分析,发现动机方向和强度具有可塑性,在群众体育锻炼中可以通过多种方法塑造适宜的体育锻炼动机;在群众体育锻炼政策制定中也要考虑到群众体育锻炼动机问题;为群众体育锻炼引用心理学知识提供理论支持。     

Narrative inquiry: ongoing conversations and questions for sport and exercise psychology research

Narrative inquiry, as one form of qualitative research, has recently attracted some interest within the field of sport and exercise psychology. Seeking to be theoretically imaginative and instigate dialogue, this article focuses attention on five main issues within ongoing conversations among sport and exercise psychology researchers who promote and/or engage in narrative research. Theoretically inspired and grounded, these interrelated issues include, motivations for why researchers have turned to narrative, the concept of ‘the self’, interviewing, the issue of ‘truth’, and representation. Some implications of these issues for sport and exercise psychology are also highlighted. The article closes with some reflections about the future directions that narrative inquiry might take.     

Trends and knowledge base in sport and exercise psychology research: a bibliometric review study

Bibliometric methods were used to examine: (1) research themes in sport and exercise psychology articles published between 2008 and 2011; and (2) the intellectual base of the field of sport and exercise psychology, defined as influential literature being cited in these articles. The dataset consisted of 795 articles from five sport and exercise psychology journals and 345 articles obtained through citation-based extension (n = 1140 articles). A cluster analysis yielded 73 clusters showing themes in sport and exercise psychology research. Principal component analysis was used to identify and analyze relationships between 14 highly cited research areas constituting the intellectual base of sport and exercise psychology. Some main findings were: (1) the identification of many re-emerging themes, (2) research related to motivation seems to be extensive, (3) sport psychology and exercise psychology research share theoretical frameworks to some extent, however (4) differences compared to previous reviews indicate that sport psychology and exercise psychology may be regarded as two distinct research fields, rather than one united field, and (5) isolated research areas were identified indicating potential for research integration. Suggestions for future research are provided. The bibliometric approach presented a broad overview of trends and knowledge base in sport and exercise psychology research.     

锻炼心理学研究:理论、模型与设计

对锻炼心理学研究进行了简要回顾,分析了目前锻炼心理学研究中比较常见的问题,指出锻炼心理学研究必须是理论导向的,其研究过程包括:(1)形成可以接受检验的、可以接受经验反驳或证实的理论;(2)建立假说或包括生物、心理和社会等因素在内的模型;(3)锻炼心理学研究设计,包括选择变量、实施研究、分析结果、得出结论等一系列内容。     

Twenty-five years of psychology in the Journal of Sports Sciences: a historical overview

We provide an overview of some of the outstanding papers published in the Journal over the last 25 years within the discipline of psychology. Altogether, almost 300 papers had been published in the Journal under the psychology banner at the start of its silver anniversary year. The greatest contribution of papers has come from the motor control and learning and sport psychology sub-areas, with papers focusing on exercise psychology being a more recent addition. Prominent research themes that have emerged from each of the different sub-areas are reviewed and some notable omissions highlighted. Finally, some issues for sport and exercise psychologists to consider in coming years are briefly highlighted.     

社会性体格焦虑研究综述

通过文献综述法,介绍了近年来国外运动心理学领域中有关社会性体格焦虑的概念和理论,并对社会性体格焦虑与人口统计学指标、身体锻炼变量、身体自尊等心理健康变量之间的关系进行回顾和评述。综述认为,该领域的研究应从自我表现角度出发深入了解和认识社会性体格焦虑,为我国锻炼心理学领域提供一些理论和实践的思考。     

Developing rigor in qualitative research: problems and opportunities within sport and exercise psychology

Qualitative research has grown within sport and exercise psychology and is now widely conducted. The purpose of this review is to discuss three commonly used ways to demonstrate rigor when conducting or judging qualitative research in sport and exercise psychology. These are the method of member checking, the method of inter-rater reliability, and the notion of universal criteria. Problems with each method are first highlighted. Member checking and inter-rater reliability are shown to be ineffective for verification, trustworthiness, or reliability purposes. Next, universal criteria within the context of Tracy’s, heavily drawn on paper within sport and exercise psychology is problematized. Throughout the discussion of each method and universal criteria more suitable possibilities for conducting rigorous qualitative research are offered. The paper concludes that to support high-quality qualitative research, scholars – including journal editors and reviewers – need to change how rigor is developed and judged, rather than perpetuate the problems with how it has been commonly evaluated in the past. Recommendations for developing rigor when conducting and/or judging qualitative research within sport and exercise psychology are also offered.     

Desktop research – bibliographic databases and electronic journals

Contemporary aspects of research methods in sport and exercise psychology are discussed in this wide-ranging review. After an introduction centred on trends in sport and exercise psychology methods, the review is organized around the major themes of quantitative and qualitative research. Our aim is to highlight areas that may be problematic or controversial (e.g. stepwise statistical procedures), underused (e.g. discriminant analysis), increasingly used (e.g. meta-analysis, structural equation modelling, qualitative content analysis) and emergent (e.g. realist tales of writing). Perspectives range from the technical and speculative to the controversial and critical. While deliberately not providing a ‘cookbook’ approach to research methods, we hope to provide enough material to help researchers to appreciate the diversity of potential methods and to adopt a more critical perspective in their own research consumption and production.     

‘I just want to be me when I am exercising’: Adrianna's construction of a vulnerable exercise identity

This study explores the social and dynamic aspects of the concept ‘exercise identity’. Previous research, mainly in psychology, has documented a link between exercise identity and exercise behaviour. However, the process of identity formation is not straightforward but rather something that can change with time, context and interaction with others. Subsequently, the present work is informed by a social constructivist approach that views exercise identity as a social product and the formation of it as a social process. Our case study of ‘Adrianna’ examined through a biographical narrative analysis how such an identity may be constructed through interaction and over the life course. Three themes were identified; Adrianna's relationship to (1) significant others, (2) her body and (3) sociocultural norms and expectations. Reflecting this fluidity of exercise identities, we suggest the alternative concept ‘vulnerable exercise identity’ to better understand the subtler dynamics of exercise identity formation and development. Adrianna's case is presented as a ‘recognizable story’, representative of the struggle many people face when trying to become more physically active in contemporary western societies.     

运动心理学在竞技体育领域的研究发展与应用

相比于大众锻炼领域和体育教育领域,竞技体育受到了运动心理学的更多关注.一系列运动心理干预技术已在北京奥运会上使用,如心理对策库、生物反馈技术、心理影片和音乐、心理网站,专为运动员做心理测试和迅速调整的多功能服务车等.心理领域的领先技术如电脑电图(EEG),事件相关电位(ERP)和电脑象限图(EEQG)等被用于诊断运动员运动时的心理状态或训练效果.通过对近3年发表在重要国家和国际期刊及会议里相关文章的分析发现,运动动机、运动认知、自我认知、运动情绪和心理技能是近年来运动心理学在竞技体育领域的主要研究方向.积极心理学的兴起有丰富的理论和应用领域,也丰富了近代运动心理学的理论和应用领域.运动心理学在20世纪出现许多新思潮,流畅体验便是其中之一.在竞技运动领域,心理监控与运动实践的联系是最紧密的.心理监控也正在向着系统化与专业化的方向一步步迈进,现代技术如CAS计算机辅助运动技术、Observer行为观察分析软件、FaceReader软件、Virtual-Reality仿真系统(虚拟现实)等已经在训练或比赛中得以应用.建议对已取得的运动心理学研究成果可以在未来实践中得到更多的应用.