Childhood experiences of maltreatment,reflective functioning and attachment in adolescent and young adult mothers: Effects on mother-infant interaction and emotion regulation

BackgroundMaternal childhood experiences of maltreatment affect parenting and have consequences for a child’s social-emotional development. Adolescent mothers have a higher frequency of a history of maltreatment than adult mothers. However few studies have analyzed the interactions between adolescent mothers with a history of childhood maltreatment and their infants.ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to examine the effect of maternal childhood experiences of maltreatment on mother-infant emotion regulation at infant 3 months, considering both infant and mother individual emotion regulation and their mutual regulation.ParticipantsParticipants were 63 adolescent and young adult mother-infant dyads recruited at a hospital.MethodsThe mothers were administered the Adult Attachment Interview to evaluate reflective functioning and attachment and the Childhood Experiences of Care and Abuse was used to evaluate maternal childhood experiences of maltreatment. Mother-infant interactions were coded with a modified version of the Infant Caregiver Engagement Phases.ResultsDyads with mothers with childhood maltreatment (vs dyads with mothers with no maltreatment) spent more time in negative emotional mutual regulation (p = .009) and less time in positive and neutral mutual emotion regulation (p = .019). Cumulative maternal childhood experiences of maltreatment were associated positively with mother and infant negative states at individual and dyadic level and with the AAI scales of Passivity and Unresolved Trauma (p < .05). The effect of cumulative maternal childhood experiences of maltreatment on mother-infant emotion regulation was direct and not mediated by maternal attachment and reflective function.ConclusionsMaternal childhood experiences of maltreatment increase the risk connected to early motherhood, affecting mother-infant emotion regulation.     

Childhood maltreatment,cognitive emotion regulation strategies,and alcohol craving and dependence in alcohol-dependent males: Direct and indirect pathways

ObjectivesChildhood maltreatment (CM) and cognitive emotion regulation strategies (CERSs) may be important in alcohol craving and dependence in alcohol-dependent individuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate direct effects of CM on the subscales of alcohol craving and alcohol dependence and its indirect effects via CERSs in individuals with a diagnosis of alcohol dependence.MethodsIn a cross-sectional design, 329 alcohol-dependent males completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF), the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire-Short version (CERQ-Short), the Alcohol Dependence Scale (ADS), the Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS), and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II).ResultsParticipants with alcohol dependence had early age of onset of alcohol use (mean = 20.78 years), relatively long duration of alcohol use (mean = 11.14 years), and low education (mean = 9.55 years). Indirect effects were observed from CM to the subscales of alcohol craving and dependence only through maladaptive CERSs after adjusting for demographic and clinical factors. No direct effect was observed through CM on the subscales of alcohol craving and dependence.ConclusionsAlthough drawing causal conclusions from the current research is impossible, the findings suggest that maladaptive CERSs may be a possible mechanism relating CM to alcohol craving and dependence in treatment-seeking alcohol-dependent individuals, while adaptive CERSs may be less important regarding this relation. However, the findings of the current study need longitudinal research.     

微博预置话题与突发话题的特征挖掘研究

[目的/意义]借鉴拉斯韦尔5W传播模型,探讨微博中预置话题与突发话题的特征。[方法/过程]基于因子分析的关键节点影响力评价方法来研究话题节点特征;利用Ward方法对话题博文量曲线进行聚类,并对曲线进行多项式拟合;对话题情感度曲线进行聚类,并对不同类型话题的峰度和整体情感加权平均高峰期进行研究。[结果/结论]话题首节点多是信息分享,其中突发话题的传播多是从事件的客观描述开始;话题微博按博文量可分为前热型、中热型、后热型、爆发型和持续型,其中突发话题比预置话题爆发得更早、持续时间更长;话题出现72小时后公众情感趋于中立,但突发话题情感曲线高峰期比预置话题更集中,整体情感加权平均高峰期更早出现,曲线趋势更复杂。     

论足球运动员在比赛中的情绪控制

对足球运动员临场比赛时不良情绪产生的主要原因进行了分析,建议运用多项心理训练手段对运动员进行针对性的训练,以提高足球运动员的心理素质,克服运动员临场时的不良情绪。     

《红楼梦》中贾雨村艺术形象问题综论

众多研究者对贾雨村的艺术形象缺乏全面系统的认识。《红楼梦》所反映的主要是清朝乾隆时期的上流社会生活,贾雨村处在相对稳定的康乾盛世时期,其时经世致用思想得到大力提倡,私欲的合理性得到肯定,“人欲之各得”的社会价值取向得到承认。贾雨村不可能脱离这个时代的社会价值取向而独立存在,因此,应将他还原至当时的社会背景及其主流价值观念中分析其艺术形象。贾雨村对人生报有积极态度并通过主流价值观念认可的努力方式博取功名,才干优长且思想卓尔超群,隐忍宦海并富有谋略。之所以众多研究者没有看到贾雨村形象的积极性,主要是因为研究者与艺术形象本身所处社会本质的不同和研究者未能摆脱悲剧情节对自己的情感惯性影响。     

武术散手道运动员赛前情绪状态与比赛成绩的相关研究

文章采用张力为编制的《赛前情绪量表-T》（PES-T-16×4）量表，对39名（男运动员32名，女运动员5名）散手道运动员进行了调查研究。结果表明：武术散手道运动员的赛前情绪与其比赛成绩有很大的相关性，在比赛中获得一等奖的散手道运动员赛前情绪处在适宜的水平。     

体育教师工作倦怠现状的调查与分析

工作倦怠产生于长期的工作压力,表现为情绪、态度和行为的衰退状态,将直接导致出现情绪衰竭、人格解体和低成就感。体育教师不仅担负着体育教学的任务,还承担着基础教育改革和发展及素质教育的伟大历史重任。关注体育教师工作倦怠的现状、消极影响,产生的根源与措施研究具有深远意义。     

论班级管理中的“情”与“爱”

爱学生是教师必须具备的美德,也是教师的天职。能够得到教师的关爱,是每个学生最起码的心理需求,师爱对学生来说是一种鞭策和激励,对学生的成长和进步有很大的推动作用。热爱学生是教师的天职,是做好教育工作的基础。没有这个基础,师生就缺乏共同语言,感情就不能融洽,教学就难有成效,班级也很难管理好。一个好的班主任要懂得用自己的情来感召班级,用自己的爱来温暖每一个学生。     

情感组织者技术对教师抑郁症的心理治疗

采用情感组织者技术对一名患有重度抑郁症的新上岗青年教师实施临床诊断和治疗.研究者向其大脑中输入一组"情感先行组织者"的程序性知识,使其在非药物干预条件下不仅能在短时间内改变原来的重度抑郁和过敏性焦虑情绪反应,而且迅速塑造了这位新教师的积极生活态度和健康的认知行为系统,根本性地结束了其抑郁症的所有临床症状.此个案初步证明了情绪组织者技术在抑郁症治疗中的有效性.     

关于篮球运动员情绪调节问题的探讨

本文对如何调节和稳定篮球运动员的情绪以适应外界刺激、克服情绪干扰等问题进行了论述。