游泳

G861.102着装泳练习对提高自救与救生能力的实验研究=Experiment research on advancing the ability toself-saving and life saving through the exercisesof swimming wearing clothing[刊,中,A]／朱笛,邢荣颖(天津体育学院)／／天津体育学院学报.-2004,19(1).-92-93表8参4(SJ)     

游泳突发事件自救法

2013年,国家体育总局公布了体育行业高危项目,游泳项目被列在其中。经常参加游泳运动的人也许在游泳过程中部遇到过肌肉抽筋、游进时突然下沉、呛水、喝水以及他人遇险求救等情况,如果游泳者能够正确掌握一定的水中自救和互救的游泳救生基本方法,对于保护自己、必要时挽就他人生命具有十分重要的意义。     

利用血乳酸监控水上救生运动员一次假人拖带训练的分析

假人拖带是救生竞赛中重要的比赛项目,也是中国水上救生队在世界运动会和世界救生锦标赛上的优势项目。在备战2010年世界救生锦标赛的过程中,我们根据姚俊、陈武山、甘清瑛等人的研究：与心率相比,血乳酸指标能较准确地区别游泳运动员机体承受不同负荷的变化,利用主观疲劳感觉与血乳酸指标对水上救生运动员一次假人拖带训练强度进行监控,取得了较好的训练效果。     

海南高职院校运动训练专业学生游泳救生能力的教学策略

随着社会经济的发展,人们在满足追求物质的同时,也越来越注重娱乐、运动等活动,游泳作为一种体育运动和休闲娱乐项目,既能锻炼身体,也能放松身心,逐渐成为人们广为喜爱的运动之一。同时,有关游泳运动的安全保护话题一直备受关注。高职院校运动训练专业在进行游泳教学时,除了教会学生技能外,还应该将游泳救生能力的教学加入到高职院校运动训练专业教学中来。文章通过研究分析培养海南高职院校运动训练专业学生游泳救生能力的必要性,阐述游泳救生能力教学的要求,提出学生游泳救生能力的教学策略,以促进海南高职院校运动训练专业学生游泳救生能力的培养。     

山西省游泳救生管理现状调查分析

文章采用文献资料法、调查法、数理统计法、比较法以及系统分析法,对山西省游泳救生管理工作现状进行分析,得出山西省游泳救生工作规范管理历程短,救生管理体制相对滞后;救生员工作时的编组、工作时间的调整、还有岗位的轮换等管理方面存在问题,在不同地区、不同性质的游泳场馆表现出较大差异。     

试谈中美两国游泳教学内容和方法的比较

美国游泳教学内容和方法与我国不同之处突出表现在:从初学阶段便十分重视对学生进行安全游泳,自救游泳及被救时游泳技能的培养;在教育方法上让学生在玩水中学会游泳,在快乐中学会游泳。这种培养学生"生存技能"的教学思路将对我国游泳教学带来新的活力。     

游泳救生工作浅析

本文根据游泳活动是在水的特定环境中进行的特点，着重探讨游泳的救生工作，旨在推广有效的科学救生方法。     

试谈中美游泳教学内容和方法的比较

美国游泳教学内容和方法与我国不同之处突出表现在：从初学阶段便十分重视对学生进行安全游泳，自救游泳及被救时游泳技能的培养；在教育方法上让学生在玩水中学会游泳，在快乐中学会游泳。这种培养学生“生存技能”的教学思路将对我国游泳教学带来新的活力。     

对游泳运动员关节柔韧性及训练方法的研究

运用文献资料与逻辑归纳的方法对关节柔韧性的概念、影响因素、练习方法以及与游泳运动成绩的关系等热点问题进行研究,研究表明,柔韧素质应指跨过关节的肌肉、肌腱、韧带等软组织的伸展能力和弹性回缩能力;它与肌肉力量存在着反比关系;其练习方式有：静力性练习,动力性练习,PNF拉伸练习和电刺激性练习;它对游泳运动成绩有较大的影响。     

视觉在游泳过程中的作用

本文通过实验结果发现,在游泳过程中,正确利用视觉效果在游泳练习中的作用,可以迅速提高游泳技术。并且解释了视觉在游泳中的作用,为游泳教学提供了理论和实验根据。     

我国奥运争光计划激励机制研究

1研究方法1.1调查对象国家体育总局和北京、上海、山东、江苏、湖南、辽宁等10个省市体育局的10位领导,91位运动员,25位教练员,13位管理人员,22位科研人员。1.2研究方法(1)文献调研法;(2)问卷调查法:制定《奥运争光计划激励机制意见调查》问卷,其折半信度为0.922,内容效度为0.9     

影响现代游泳成绩变革的因素

随着罗马游泳世锦赛的圆满收官,游泳池的疯狂和世界纪录的打破也暂告一个段落,但留给我们的思索却远远没有结束。通过文献资料法、逻辑分析法和归纳总结法,从材料科学与新型泳衣的革新、流体力学与游泳池、生物科学与运动员体能、游泳技术创新四个方面分析科学技术对游泳运动的促进和影响。     

The movement of the trunk and breast during front crawl and breaststroke swimming

Breast displacement has been investigated in various activities to inform bra design, with the goal of minimising movement; however, breast motion during swimming has yet to be considered. The aim was to investigate trunk and breast kinematics whilst wearing varying levels of breast support during two swimming strokes. Six larger-breasted females swam front crawl and breaststroke (in a swimming flume), in three breast support conditions while three video cameras recorded the motion of the trunk and right breast. Trunk and relative breast kinematics were calculated. Greater breast displacement occurred mediolaterally in the swimsuit condition (7.8, s = 1.5 cm) during front crawl and superioinferiorly in the bare-breasted condition (3.7, s = 1.6 cm) during breaststroke, with the sports bra significantly reducing breast displacements. During front crawl, the greatest trunk roll occurred in the sports bra condition (43.1, s = 8.3°) and during breaststroke greater trunk extension occurred in the swimsuit condition (55.4, s = 5.0°); however, no differences were found in trunk kinematics between the three breast support conditions. Results suggest that the swimsuit was ineffective as a means of additional support for larger-breasted women during swimming; incorporating design features of sports bras into swimsuits may improve the breast support provided.     

大学生安心游泳技能等级标准研制

建立以大学生为评价对象,以提高防溺水技能和规避溺水风险为目的的大学生安心游泳技能等级标准。通过专家访谈、问卷调查、问卷筛选以及专家论证等研究方法,确定了大学生安心游泳技能等级评价标准,该标准包括游泳技能和自救技能两个方面,并使用3个层级（初级、中级、高级）9个等级（初级：1-3级;中级：4-6级;高级7-9级）来评价大学生安心游泳技能的等级。通过内回代方法对评价标准进行检验,表明该研究标准能够初步应用于大学生安心游泳技能等级评价。     

Acute responses of biomechanical parameters to different sizes of hand paddles in front-crawl stroke

Abstract

This study investigated the acute effects of different sizes of paddles on the force-time curve during tethered swimming and swimming velocity in front-crawl stroke. Fourteen male swimmers (20.0 ± 3.7 years; 100-m best time: 53.70 ± 0.87 s) performed two 10-s maximal efforts in tethered swimming to obtain peak force, average force, impulse, rate of force development, stroke duration and time to peak force. Swimming velocity, stroke rate and stroke length were obtained from two 25-m maximal swims. Both tests were repeated in five conditions: free swimming, wearing small (280 cm ² ), medium (352 cm ² ), large (462 cm ² ) and extra-large (552 cm ² ) hand paddles. Compared to free swimming, paddles provided significant increases of peak force (medium: 11.5%, large: 16.7%, extra-large: 21.7%), impulse (medium: 15.2%, large: 22.4%, extra-large: 30.9%), average force (medium: 5.1%, large: 7.5%), rate of force development (extra-large: 11.3%), stroke duration (medium: 9.3%, large: 11.8%, extra-large: 18.5%), time to peak force (medium: 11.1%, large: 15.9%, extra-large: 22.1%), swimming velocity (medium: 2.2%, large: 3.2%, extra-large: 3.7%) and stroke length (medium: 9.0%, large: 9.0%, extra-large: 14.8%), while stroke rate decreased (medium: –6.2%, large: –5.5%, extra-large: –9.5%). It is concluded that medium, large and extra-large paddles influence the force-time curve and change swimming velocity, suggesting these sizes may be useful for force development in water.     

Spectacular Bodies: The Swimsuit,Sexuality and Hollywood

This article explores the mutually beneficial relationship between the American swimsuit and film industries during the first three decades of the twentieth century. Three examples will be used: Fatty and the Bathing Beauties from 1913 (prior to regulated film content), Footlight Parade from 1933 (when limited self-regulation had been put in place, but was not yet rigorously enforced) and the Tarzan film franchise (which spans both the second period and a later, third period of actual implementation and subsequent negotiation). Using these examples, the paper will consider several of the popular associations attached to the swimmer and the swimsuit. It will discuss the ways in which Hollywood utilised the swimsuit, the swimmer and swimming in both its films and its promotional materials and will demonstrate how through the sporting associations of both the garment and sports stars, film producers negotiated the processes of censorship and self-regulation while allowing the continued use of semi-naked and eroticised bodies, to their own profit and to that of the increasingly fashionable swimwear industry.     

对游泳训练方法的全面阐释

以游泳训练方法演变、分类的视角对游泳训练法的发展历程与现状进行分析，进而以国内外广泛采用的游泳训练方法——赛前高原训练法进行实证说明，试图对游泳训练方法做出全面阐释。     

不同游泳训练对大鼠海马蛋白激酶C表达的影响

目的:探讨不同游泳运动方式对大鼠海马蛋白激酶C(PKC)表达的影响;方法:55只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为对照组(5只)、持续和间歇游泳训练组(各25只)。建立大鼠运动模型,采用SP免疫组织化学方法,观察大鼠海马PKC在对照组、持续游泳训练组和间歇游泳训练组的表达规律;结果:间歇、持续游泳训练组PKC在训练后各时间点的表达均明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。持续组PKC在运动后即刻表达达到最高峰;间歇组PKC则在运动后60 min表达达到最高峰。持续组PKC在运动后即刻、30 min、60 min时段内表达均明显高于间歇组(P<0.01),而运动后240 min时表达则明显低于间歇组(P<0.01);结论:游泳运动作为一种应激可以促进海马PKC的表达;运动后大鼠海马PKC的表达随运动刺激的强度、时间的变化而不同。     

Transition phase clothing strategies and their effect on body temperature and 100-m swimming performance

Objective: Effective warm-ups are attributed to several temperature-related mechanisms. Strategies during the transition phase, preceding swimming competition, have been shown to prolong temperature-related warm-up effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of two different clothing strategies during the transition phase, on subsequent 100-m maximal swimming performance. Methods: Nine competitive swimmers (3 female, 21?±?3?yrs; 6 male 20?±?2?yrs, mean performance standard 702 FINA Points, mean 100-m seasons best time 61.54?s) completed their own 30-min individual pool warm-up, followed by 7-min changing time and a 30-min transition phase, straight into a 100-m maximal effort time-trial. During the transition phase, swimmers remained seated, either wearing warm or limited clothing. Swimmers returned 1 week later, where clothing conditions were alternated. Results: Post-transition phase skin and core temperature remained higher in the warm clothing condition compared to the limited clothing condition (Mean Core: 36.90?±?0.17°C, 36.61?±?0.15°C, P?P?P?Conclusion: Wearing warm clothing during a 30-min transition phase improved swimming performance by 0.6%, compared to limited clothing.     

游泳学习对学龄前儿童人际交往能力持久性的影响

在人类的生存和发展中,人际交往和关系的构建与维护是非常重要的,其中人际交往能力在人际交往活动中起着很大的作用,对人的价值、生活和社会等方面的形成有着重要的影响。学龄前儿童的人际交往能力处于初步形成和发展阶段,受成人行为的影响很大,具有很大的可塑性。学龄前儿童在游泳学习中,教练员会采取多种方式培养其人际交往能力,在游泳教学中将交际要素融入教学之中,丰富儿童对理解教练信息和同伴合作的经验,提高交际能力。本文从多个角度分析了游泳学习对学龄前儿童人际交往能力的影响,如学龄前儿童的身心发展特点、人际关系对学龄前儿童的影响以及游泳学习对人际交往能力培养的价值。