小议性别歧视在英语词汇中的体现

现代西方文明尽管已发展到一定程度,但社会对女性的歧视依然存在,女权主义团体的日益增多.试图从英语的词汇入手,分析英语词汇对女性的歧视和贬低.第一部分阐述英语词汇通常给人某种暗示,认为女人通常都是男人的一部分;第二部分则揭示英语词汇本身对女性的一种天生的敌意,它不断地歧视贬低女性.只要社会中的性别歧视未被消灭,语言中的歧视现象就永远不会消失.     

物理学家牛顿成败的思考

牛顿是一名伟大的科学家,在许多领域均有过创造性的成就,对社会的发展和历史的进步曾经作出杰出的不可磨灭的功绩.然而,后人在对其广泛深入的研究中却发现了牛顿令人遗憾的另一面,本文从牛顿生平、功绩、留下的遗憾三个方面对牛顿进行了分析研究,深刻反思了牛顿性格两极化的根本原因,对牛顿的成败给出了自己的结论,可供今天的科研工作者参考.     

试析工程项目管理中风险管理的方法及效果评估

随着科技的飞速发展和人们生活节奏的不断加快,对现代大型工程项目迫切需求加强风险管理,风险所致损失规模也越来越大,这些都促使科研人员和实际管理人员从理论上和实践上重视对大型工程项目的风险管理.     

从世界最早的货币看起——参观金泉钱币博物馆

有一座在全国颇具盛名的"专题景点",它就是浓缩着几千年经济、金融变革精髓的"钱币博物馆".它坐落在最佳观海点,风光绮丽,为英国驻厦门领事馆的官邸旧址.博物馆以展示闽台钱币文化为重点,供全世界各地的人参观,现辟有5个展厅,从先秦到民国,从贝币到四大货币体系,洋洋5000多个品种,穿越时空隧道,历经千年沧桑,可尽情饱览钱币历史长河中的朵朵多彩浪花.     

手机医疗服务

据媒体报道,西班牙正在一些医院进行"手机医疗计划"的试验活动. 巴伦西亚市佩塞特医院1年以前开办了手机跟踪外科门诊病人的服务,试验通过手机增进医生与病人的接触,同时为完善病人的电子病历做补充.一名病人反映说:"医生通过手机问我感觉如何、是否发烧等,并给我提出不少建议.我感觉放心多了,因为我知道出了问题会有医生帮忙解决."     

可触摸的桌面电脑

年初,在美国举行的国际消费类电子产品展览会上,微软展区一台与众不同的个人电脑前聚集了很多人,这就是配备了触摸式显示屏的桌面电脑"Microsoft Surface".比尔·盖茨向与会者演示了Surface的概念,在演示过程中,他定制了一个虚拟滑雪板,并将其保存到Windows Mobile设备和WindowsLive Spaces中.     

国家自然科学基金面上项目申请量增长现状和原因浅析——以林学和生态学科为例

面上项目是国家自然科学基金资助的主要项目类型,其经费额度约占整个研究项目总额度的60％。近年来,国家自然科学基金面上项目申请量快速增长,2007年申请量达到64827项,比2000年的21111项提高了207％。生命科学部2000年以来更是以年均约30％速度递增,从2000年的8860项增加到2007年的27460项。     

污水处理工程设计的基本条件和工艺选择

城市污水处理工程设计是一个综合性极强的系统工程,涉及的学科多,相关部门多,其中任何一个环节不合理都会给工程设计带来影响和造成不同程度的损失.     

主被动红色旅游者出游偏好研究

根据出游动机的不同,文章将有红色旅游经历的红色旅游者划分为主动型红色旅游者和被动型红色旅游者,通过对两类旅游者偏好的比较,得出主动型红色旅游者在"求知"的驱动下,表现出较强的红色旅游需求,并对山水风光、海滨沙滩、民俗风情表现出较强的旅游兴趣;被动型红色旅游者除了对以上三项表现出偏好外,对考察探险有着不同于主动型红色旅游者的偏好;政治因素的过分作用已经超过基础设施差的影响,成为制约红色旅游感知的重要方面。     

我国城市间的科学合作问题初探

基于<中国期刊全文数据库>中2000至2006年我国城市间科学合作的数据,首先描绘出我国各城市科学研究的水平及城市间科学论文合作的总体状况,然后借助Ucinet和NetDaw软件,对近年我国城市间科学论文合作的网络结构进行了深入的可视化分析.结果表明:北京无论在论文发文总量还是合作量上,都远远高于其他城市处于领先地位.我国城市间科学论文合作的社会网络密度为O.8664,网络的整体中心性为0.2871.而群体中介性仅为O.0058,说明几乎各个城市间都有科学论文方面的合作,但各个城市并不是仅仅都与某一城市有联系,也并非仅仅依靠某城市为中介才进行信息的共享与传播,而是互相之间存在比较广泛的联系.     

中国金腰属的研究(续)

This paper deals with the taxonomy and geographic distribution of the ge- nus Chrysosplenium L. in China.      Based on the characters and evolution of the seed, capsule, disk, ovary and leaf, the species of this genus can be grouped into 2 subgenera, 5 sections and 16 series.  There are 2 subgenera, 5 sections and 11 series in China.  They are as follows:      I.  Subgen. Gamosplenium Maxim. emend. J. T. Pan      Leaves alternate.      Lectotype: Chrysosplenium carnosum Hook. f. et Thoms.      1.  Sect. Alternifolia Franch. emend. J. T. Pan      Seeds smooth and glabrous.      Type: Chrysosplenium alternifolium L.       (1)  Ser. Nudicaulia Maxim. emend. J. T. Pan      Disk obscure or absent; ovary nearly half-inferior, sometimes mostly inferior; cap- sule generally subtruncate and emarginate at top and bilobed with equal and horizontal- ly divaricate or suberect lobes; seeds smooth and glabrous.      Type: Chrysosplenium nudicaule Maxim.       (2)  Ser. Alternifolia Maxim. emend. J. T. Pan      Disk 8-lobed; ovary nearly half-inferior; capsule generally subtruncate and emar- ginate at top, and bilobed with equal and horizontally  divaricate lobes;  seeds smooth and glabrous.       Type: Chrysosplenium alternifolia L.      2.  Sect. Nephrophylloides Turcz.      Seeds minutely papillose or pilose.      Type: Chrysosplenium sedakowii Turcz.       (1)  Ser. Macrophylla Franch. emend. J. T. Pan      Disk obscure or absent; ovary nearly half-inferior; capsule nearly truncate and em- arginate at top, and bilobed with equal lobes; seeds minutely papillose.      Type: Chrysosplenium macrophyllum Oliv.       (2)  Ser. Ovalifolia Maxim. emend. J. T. Pan      Disk generally 8-, rarely 4-, lobed, papillae absent around disk; ovary mostly infe- rior; capsule subtruncate and emarginate at top; seeds minutely papillose or pilose.      Type: Chrysosplenium ovalifolium M. Bieb. ex Bunge       (3)  Ser. Lanuginosa Hara, emend. J. T. Pan      Papillae numerous, brown around reduced disk; ovary mostly inferior; capsule ne- arly truncate and emarginate at top; seeds minutely papillose.      Type: Chrysosplenium lanuginosum Hook. f. et Thoms.        II.  Subgen. Chrysosplenium      Leaves opposite.      Type: Chrysosplenium oppositifolium L.      1.  Sect. Trichosperma J. T. Pan, sect. nov.      Capsule not truncate at top, and bilobed with subequal, suberect or divergent lobes.      Type: Chrysosplenium trichospermum Edgew. ex Hook. f. et Thoms.      This section is divided into 4 series in the world, with only 1 in China.      (1)  Ser. Nepalensia Maxim. emend. J. T. Pan      Disk obscure or absent; ovary generally mostly inferior;  cassule not truncate at top, and bilobed with subequal and suberect or divergent lobes; seeds smooth and gla- brous.       Type: Chrysosplenium nepalense D. Don      2.  Sect. Grayana J. T. Pan, sect. nov.      Capsule bilobed with distinctly unequal and ascending lobes.      Type: Chrysosplenium grayanum Maxim.      This section consists of 4 series in the world, with 3 series in China.       (1)  Ser. Sinica Maxim. emend. J. T. Pan      Disk obscure or absent; ovary nearly half-superior; capsule bilobed with distinctly unequal and ascending lobes; seeds minutely papillose.       Type: Chrysosplenium sinicum Maxim.       (2)  Ser. Esulcata Franch. emend. J. T. Pan      Disk (4)-8-lobed; ovary generally half-inferior; capsule bilobed with unequal and ascending lobes; seeds minutely papillose or pilose.      Lectotype: Chrysosplenium dubium J. Gayex DC.       (3)  Ser. pilosa maxim. emend. J. T. Pan      Disk obscure or absent; ovary nearly half-inferior; capsule bilobed with distinctly unequal and ascending lobes; seeds distinctly longitudinally ll-18-costate and minu- tely papillose or tuberculate on the ridge.       Type: Chrysosplenium pilosum Maxim.       3.  Sect. Chrysosplenium       Capsule nearly truncate and emarginate at top, and bilobed with equal and horizon- tally divaricate lobes.       Type: Chrysosplenium oppositifolium L.       (1)  Ser. Romosa J. T. Pan, ser. nov.       Disk distinctly 8-lobed, papillae sparse, brown around disk; ovary mostly inferior; ca- psule nearly truncate and emarginate at top, and bilobed with equal and horizontally divaricate lobes; seeds smooth and glabrous.       Type: Chrysosplenium ramosum Maxim.       This series is monospecific one, also occurring in China, namely C. ramosum Maxim.       (2)  Ser. Delavayi Hara       Disk distinctly 8-lobed, Papillae sparse, brown around the disk; ovary mostly infe- rior; capsule nearly truncate and emarginate at top, and bilobed with equal and hori- zontally divaricate lobes; seeds distinctly longitudinally 10-16-costate and transverse- ly striate on the ridge.       Type: Chrysosplenium delavayi Franch.         This series can be considered as the most advanced one in the Chrysaspleninm L.       So far, the Chrysosplenium L. comprises 64 species in the world, among which 1 spe- cies is found in North Africa, 2 in South America, 4 in Europe, 5 in North America, 56 in Asia, of which 3 occur in Sikkim, 5 Bhutan, 5 Mongolia, 6 north Burma, 6 Korea, 7 north India, 8 Nepal, 12 Japan, 17 U.S.S.R. (of which 3 also in Europe), 34 China (in- cluding 22 endemic species and 3 new species).       In China, Fujian and Guangdong Provinces and Zhuang Autonomous Region of Gu- angxi each has only 1 species, Taiwan, Zhejiang, Shanxi and Hebei Provinces and Uy- gur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang each has 2, Anhui, Jiangxi and Hunan Provinces each has 3, Qinghai Province 4, Heilongjiang, Liaoning and Guizhou Provinces each has 5, Jilin and Hubei Provinces each has 6, Gausu Province 8, Shaanxi Province and Xi- zang (Tibet) Autonomous Region each has 10, Yunnan Province has 11, Sichuan Provi- nce has 14.      Thus the distribution centre of this genus should be in the north temperate zone of Asia, and the region covering Shaanxi Gansu, Sichuan, Yunnan and Xizang may be regarded as an important part of this centre.      The 7 species of Ser.  Nudicaula Maxim. emend. J. T. Pan can be considered as the most primitive ones in this genus. They are mostly distributed in Shaanxi (Qin Ling), south Gansu, southeast Qinghai, southwest Sichuan and nothwest Yunnan of China. This region may be considered as the centre of the origin (or at least differentiation) of this genus.      The new species and the new varieties described in this paper are as follows: C. hy- drocotylifolium Levl. et Vant. var. emeiense J. T. Pan, C. taibaishanense J. T. Pan, C. lixianense Jien ex J. T. Pan, C. qinlingense Jien ex J. T. Pan.     

国产唇形科新分类群

 One new genus, one new species and one new subspecies of Labiatae from Anhui and Zhejiang province of China are described and one new combina- tion is made in this paper. They are Pogonanthera H. W. Li et X. H. Guo, P. caulopteris H. W. Li et X. H. Guo, P. intermedia (C. Y. Wu et H. W. Li) H. W. Li et X. H. Guo and Paraphlomis foliata (Dunn) C. Y. Wu et H. W. Lissp. montigena X. H. Guo et S. B. Zhou.     

中国栂樱属(杜鹃花科)一新种

In the present paper, one new species of the genus Phyllodoce (Ericace-ae) is described from China.  It is Phyllodoce deflexa Ching ex H. P. Yang.     

中国虎耳草属的研究

本文提出了一个中国虎耳草属系统，确认我国有2亚属，8组，7亚组(包括1新亚组)，31系(包括23新系)，4亚系(新亚系)和203种(包括2新种和4新变种)。     

国产金丝桃属(藤黄科)新植物

描述了采集于湖北巴东县的金丝桃属Hypericum L.的3个新分类群，即湖北小连翘H. hubeiense L. H. Wu & D. P. Yang、恩施小连翘H. enshiense L. H. Wu & F. S. Wang和长萼小连翘H. erectum Thunb. ssp. longisepalum L. H. Wu & D. P. Yang。湖北小连翘与H. asahinae Makino相似，表现在叶无柄，基部心形抱茎，花萼和花瓣上具黑色腺条；区别在于叶近边缘腺体全为黑色，叶片上部无腺体     

国产甘草属植物的核型研究

本文对国产7种甘草属植物的核型进行了研究，其结果为：乌拉尔甘草2n＝16＝   6m+10sm；黄甘草2n＝16=8m+6sm十2st；光果甘草2n＝16=14m+2sm；胀果甘   草2n＝16＝6m十10sm；粗毛甘草2n=16=12m十4sm；云南甘草20＝16=12m十   4sm；刺果甘草2n＝16＝12m十4sm。基于对现有资料的分析，确认该属的染色体基数为   x=8，  且核型对称性程度较高。  通过对不同种核型进行比较，发现刺果甘草是本文所研究   7个种中最原始的，而黄甘草的进化程度相对较高。     

西藏马先蒿属一新种

 Pedicularis nyingchiensis H. P. Yang et Y. Tateishi is described as newfrom Xizang, China.     

国产苦荬菜类群的分类

 本文采用狭义概念，将苦荬菜类群(Ixeris group)处理为4个属，即苦荬菜属Ixeris Cass．沙苦荬属Chorisis DC．小苦荬属Ixeridium(A．Gray)Tzvel．及黄瓜菜属Paraixeris Nakai并提供了分属、种检索表。文中记载了3个新种及7个新组合种。     

中国龙胆属植物研究（1）

The present paper is the first report of my work in the Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae (Vol. 62, Gentianaceae).       Eight new species and 1 new variety are described from Xizang (Tibet) (4 sp. 1 var.), Yunnan (1 sp.) Sichuan (3 sp.), Qinghai (1 sp.) and Gansu (1 sp.).