小议性别歧视在英语词汇中的体现

现代西方文明尽管已发展到一定程度,但社会对女性的歧视依然存在,女权主义团体的日益增多.试图从英语的词汇入手,分析英语词汇对女性的歧视和贬低.第一部分阐述英语词汇通常给人某种暗示,认为女人通常都是男人的一部分;第二部分则揭示英语词汇本身对女性的一种天生的敌意,它不断地歧视贬低女性.只要社会中的性别歧视未被消灭,语言中的歧视现象就永远不会消失.     

物理学家牛顿成败的思考

牛顿是一名伟大的科学家,在许多领域均有过创造性的成就,对社会的发展和历史的进步曾经作出杰出的不可磨灭的功绩.然而,后人在对其广泛深入的研究中却发现了牛顿令人遗憾的另一面,本文从牛顿生平、功绩、留下的遗憾三个方面对牛顿进行了分析研究,深刻反思了牛顿性格两极化的根本原因,对牛顿的成败给出了自己的结论,可供今天的科研工作者参考.     

试析工程项目管理中风险管理的方法及效果评估

随着科技的飞速发展和人们生活节奏的不断加快,对现代大型工程项目迫切需求加强风险管理,风险所致损失规模也越来越大,这些都促使科研人员和实际管理人员从理论上和实践上重视对大型工程项目的风险管理.     

从世界最早的货币看起——参观金泉钱币博物馆

有一座在全国颇具盛名的"专题景点",它就是浓缩着几千年经济、金融变革精髓的"钱币博物馆".它坐落在最佳观海点,风光绮丽,为英国驻厦门领事馆的官邸旧址.博物馆以展示闽台钱币文化为重点,供全世界各地的人参观,现辟有5个展厅,从先秦到民国,从贝币到四大货币体系,洋洋5000多个品种,穿越时空隧道,历经千年沧桑,可尽情饱览钱币历史长河中的朵朵多彩浪花.     

手机医疗服务

据媒体报道,西班牙正在一些医院进行"手机医疗计划"的试验活动. 巴伦西亚市佩塞特医院1年以前开办了手机跟踪外科门诊病人的服务,试验通过手机增进医生与病人的接触,同时为完善病人的电子病历做补充.一名病人反映说:"医生通过手机问我感觉如何、是否发烧等,并给我提出不少建议.我感觉放心多了,因为我知道出了问题会有医生帮忙解决."     

可触摸的桌面电脑

年初,在美国举行的国际消费类电子产品展览会上,微软展区一台与众不同的个人电脑前聚集了很多人,这就是配备了触摸式显示屏的桌面电脑"Microsoft Surface".比尔·盖茨向与会者演示了Surface的概念,在演示过程中,他定制了一个虚拟滑雪板,并将其保存到Windows Mobile设备和WindowsLive Spaces中.     

国家自然科学基金面上项目申请量增长现状和原因浅析——以林学和生态学科为例

面上项目是国家自然科学基金资助的主要项目类型,其经费额度约占整个研究项目总额度的60％。近年来,国家自然科学基金面上项目申请量快速增长,2007年申请量达到64827项,比2000年的21111项提高了207％。生命科学部2000年以来更是以年均约30％速度递增,从2000年的8860项增加到2007年的27460项。     

污水处理工程设计的基本条件和工艺选择

城市污水处理工程设计是一个综合性极强的系统工程,涉及的学科多,相关部门多,其中任何一个环节不合理都会给工程设计带来影响和造成不同程度的损失.     

主被动红色旅游者出游偏好研究

根据出游动机的不同,文章将有红色旅游经历的红色旅游者划分为主动型红色旅游者和被动型红色旅游者,通过对两类旅游者偏好的比较,得出主动型红色旅游者在"求知"的驱动下,表现出较强的红色旅游需求,并对山水风光、海滨沙滩、民俗风情表现出较强的旅游兴趣;被动型红色旅游者除了对以上三项表现出偏好外,对考察探险有着不同于主动型红色旅游者的偏好;政治因素的过分作用已经超过基础设施差的影响,成为制约红色旅游感知的重要方面。     

我国城市间的科学合作问题初探

基于<中国期刊全文数据库>中2000至2006年我国城市间科学合作的数据,首先描绘出我国各城市科学研究的水平及城市间科学论文合作的总体状况,然后借助Ucinet和NetDaw软件,对近年我国城市间科学论文合作的网络结构进行了深入的可视化分析.结果表明:北京无论在论文发文总量还是合作量上,都远远高于其他城市处于领先地位.我国城市间科学论文合作的社会网络密度为O.8664,网络的整体中心性为0.2871.而群体中介性仅为O.0058,说明几乎各个城市间都有科学论文方面的合作,但各个城市并不是仅仅都与某一城市有联系,也并非仅仅依靠某城市为中介才进行信息的共享与传播,而是互相之间存在比较广泛的联系.     

中国野青茅属(禾本科)一些种类的修订

 在标本室研究和野外考察的基础上，对中国野青茅属的一些种类进行了修订。首次归并了5个类群，即将Deyeuxia pulchella var． laxa P．C．Kuo et S．L. Lu，D．gyirongensis P．C. Kuo et S．L．Lu，Calamagrostis megalantha Keng ex Keng f.并入 D. pulchella (Griseb.)Hook．f.作为异名；将D．venusta Keng，Calamagrostis longiflora Keng ex Keng f．并入D.flavens Keng作为异名；并确认D. compacta Munro ex Hook．f.与D.holciformis (Jaub．et Spach．)Bor是同一种。     

中国石杉属(狭义)小杉兰组的分类学研究

本文将石杉科石杉属(狭义)分为两组,即小杉兰组Sect．Huperzia和蛇足石杉组Sect．Serratae (Rothm．)Holub,对小杉兰组的概念进行了修订并对国产有关种类进行了分类学研究。共记载国产小杉 兰组植物12种1变种,并包括1个新组合:Huperzia quasipolytrichoides(Hayata)Ching var. rectifolia (J．F．Cheng)H．S．Kung et L．B．Zhang,2个新异名:H．hupehensis Ching和H．whangshanensisChing et P．C．Chiu．     

中国禾本科新分类群

Six new taxa of the Gramineae are described from the China. They are Melica L.Sect. Schizolemma Z.L.Wu, M .flava Z.L.Wu, M. longiligulata Z.L.Wu, M.yajiangensis Z. L.Wu, Glyceria chinensis Keng, Oryzopsis munroi Stapf ex Hook.f. var.parviflora Z.L.Wu.     

中国木犀属小志

In the present paper a new species, Osmanthus gracilinervis Chia ex R. L. Lu, is described from Guangxi.  The new species is also distributed in Guangdong, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Hunan and Sichuan.  Based on the analysis of a great deal of specimens, eight spe- cies, i.e. Osmanthus corymbosus H. W. Li, O. longispermus H. T. Chang, O. angustifolius H. T. Chang, O. triandrus H. T. Chang, O. longicarpus H. T. Chang, O. omeiensis Fang ex H. T. Chang, O. nanchuanensis H. T. Chang and 0. cylindricus H. T. Chang, are reduced as the synonyms of O. marginatus (Champ. ex Benth.)  Hemsl. var. marginatus. O. longissimus H. T. Chang and O. pachyphyllus H. T. Chang are respectively reduced to varieties of O. marginatus, i.e.O.  marginatus var. longissimus (H.T. Chang) R. L. Lu and var. pachy- phyllus (H. T.Chang) R. L. Lu.  And finally O. maximus H. T. Chang is treated in this paper as a synonym of O. matsumuranus Hayata.     

河南榆科植物二新异名

将太行榆 Ulmus taihangshaneasis S．Y．Wang并入脱皮榆U．lamellosa Wang ex S．L．Chang ex L．K． Fu作为新异名；将毛叶朴Celtis pubescens S．Y. Wang et C．L. Chang并入朴树C．sinensis Pers．作为新异名。     

我国悬钩子属植物的研究

 The genus Rubus is one of the largest genera in the Rosaceae, consisting of more than 750 species in many parts of the world, of which 194 species have been recorded in China.      In the present paper the Rubus is understood in its broad sense, including all the blackberries, dewberries and raspberries, comprising the woody and herbaceous kinds. So it is botanically a polymorphic, variable and very complicated group of plants. The detailed analysis and investigation of the evolutionary trends of the main organs in this genus have indicated the passage from shrubs to herbs in an evolutionary line, although there is no obvious discontinuity of morphological characters in various taxa. From a phylogenetic point of view, the Sect. Idaeobatus Focke is the most primitive group, characterized by its shrub habit armed with sharp prickles, aciculae or setae, stipules attached to the petioles, flowers hermaphrodite and often in terminal or axill- ary inflorescences, very rarely solitary, druplets separated from receptacles. Whereas the herbaceous Sect.  Chamaemorus L. is the most advanced group, which is usually unarmed, rarely with aciculae or setae, stipules free, flowers dieocious, solitary, dru- plets adhering to the receptacles and with high  chromosome numbers  (2n = 56). Basing upon the evolutionary tendency of morphological  features,  chromosome nu- mbers of certain species recorded in literature and the distribution patterns of species, a new systematic arrangement of Chinese Rubus has been suggested by the present authors. Focke in his well-known monograph divided the species of Rubus into  12 subgenera, while in the Flora of China 8 sections of Focke were adapted, but some im- portant revisions have been made in some taxa and Sect. Dalibarda Focke has been reduced to Sect.  Cylactis Focke.  In addition, the arrangement of sections is presented in a reverse order to those of Focke’s system.  The species of Rubus in  China are classified into 8 sections with 24 subsections (tab. 3) as follows: 1. Sect. Idaeobatus, emend. Yü et Lu(11 subsect. 83 sp.); 2. Sect. Lampobatus Focke (1 sp.); 3. Sect. Rubus (1 sp.); 4. Sect. Malachobatus Focke, emend. Yü et Lu (13 subsect. 85 sp.); 5. Sect. Dalibardastrus (Focke)Yü et Lu (10 sp.); 6. Sect. Chaemaebatus Focke (5 sp.); 7. Sect. Cylactis Focke, emend. Yü et Lu (8 sp.); 8. Sect. Chamaemorus Focke (1 sp.).      In respect to the geographical distribution the genus Rubus occurs throughout the world as shown in tab. 2, particularly abundant in the Northern Hemisphere, while the greatest concentration of species appears in North America and E. Asia.  Of the more than 750 species in the world, 470 or more species (64%) distributed in North America.  It is clearly showm that the center of distribution lies in North America at present time.  There are about 200 species recorded in E. Asia, of which the species in China (194) amount to 97% of the total number. By analysis of the distribution of species in China the great majority of them inhabit the southern parts of the Yangtze River where exist the greatest number of species and endemics,  especially in south- western parts of China, namely Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou (tab. 3. 4.).  It is in- teresting to note that the centre of distribution of Rubus in China ranges From north- western Yunnan to south-western Sichuan (tab. 5), where the genus also reaches its highest morphological diversity.       In this region the characteristics of floristic elements of Rubus can be summarized as follows: it is very rich in composition, contaning 6 sections and 94 species, about 66% of the total number of Chinese species; there are also various complex groups, including primitive, intermediate and advanced taxa of phylogenetic importance; the proportion of endemic plants is rather high, reaching 61 species, up to 44% of the total endemics in China.  It is noteworthy to note that the most primitive Subsect. Thyrsidaei (Focke) Yü et Lu, consisting of 9 endemic species, distributed in southern slopes of the Mts. Qin Ling and Taihang Shan (Fig. 4). From the above facts we may concluded that the south-western part of China is now not only the center of distribu- tion and differentiation of Rubus in China, but it may also be the center of origin ofthis genus.     

瓦韦属植物的系统学研究

根据瓦韦属植物根状茎上的鳞片及隔丝的形状、结构、颜色，参考叶片的形状、质地及根状茎、叶柄的横切面等特征，把瓦韦属植物划分为6个组，分别为瓦韦组Sect．Lepisorus、扭瓦韦组Sect．Pleioomma S．L. Yu、革质叶组Sect．Sclerophyllon S．L. Yu、大叶瓦韦组Sect．MacrophyllonS．L.Yu、纸质叶组Sect．Pachyphyllon S．L.Yu和薄叶组Sect．Hymenophyton Ching。     

中国灯心草属植物的研究

本文通过对国产灯心草属植物的研究，提出了一个中国灯心草属分类系统排列，首次确认我国产6亚属，14组(包括10个新组)，4个系(包括3个新系)，77种(包括14个新种)，l亚种(新亚种)和10变种(包括4个新变种)，对其中一些种类作了归并及处理。     

中国西部柳属新植物

 Two new species and one new variety of Salix L. from western China, namcl. S. ludingensis T. Y. Ding et C. F. Fang, S. neoamnematchinensis T. Y. Ding et C. F. Fang, and S. taoensis Gorz var. leiocarpa T. Y. Ding et C. F.Fang, are reported in this paper.