身体锻炼对心理健康的影响

身体锻炼对心理健康的影响问题一直是运动心理学和健康心理学领域中的重点研究课题,然而我国这方面的研究刚刚开始。主要讨论以下４个问题：（１）身体锻炼的心理健康效应;（２）身体锻炼的心理治疗效应;（３）身体锻炼与心理健康关系的理论假设;（４）未来的研究方向。讨论上述问题旨在促进我国的运动心理学和健康心理学工作者作进一步的研究     

体力活动对老年人认知功能影响的研究述评

随着社会进步,人类的平均寿命日益延长,老龄化问题已经凸显,关注老年人的生活质量是全世界需要面对的共同课题.认知功能作为老年人生活质量的重要预测因子之一,其与体力活动的关系已经成为锻炼心理学的热点研究领域之一.本文综述了体力活动对老年人认知功能影响及其机制的研究.在此基础上,提出该领域的后续研究还应深入探讨以下问题：（1）体力活动对老年人认知功能影响的剂量反应效应;（2）体力活动影响老年人认知功能的生理及心理机制.（3）其他练习形式对老年人认知功能的影响.（4）身体锻炼与其他形式的干预相结合的途径及效益.     

少年儿童锻炼心理学研究述评

综述了少年儿童身体锻炼的心理前因、心理效益及与心理效益有关的身体锻炼方式,分析与讨论了该领域研究的现状与存在的问题,对我国少年儿童锻炼心理学的研究提出了建议。     

健身运动处方锻炼影响大学生身心健康发展的实验研究

研究目的：探讨大学生实施健身运动处方锻炼对其身心健康发展的影响，研究方法：专家调查法、文献资料法、实验法、问卷调查法、测量法、主要结果和结论：（1）健身运动处方锻炼符合大学生的身心发展特点，理论与实践设计科学，合理，受学生欢迎，是一种有效的体育锻炼方法，可加以推广；（2）经过健身运动处方锻炼，大学生的身体素质明显增强，表明其改善学生的身体素质有良好的效果；（3）经过健身运动处方锻炼，大学生的情绪感受体、身体自尊均出现显著性变化，表明大学生身体自尊、良好情绪体验得到提高，心理素质得到加强，有助于学生心理健康的发展和良好个性的培养。     

社会经济地位与个体身体活动的关系及其影响因素

社会经济地位是影响个体身体活动参与的重要社会因素。通过对国内外相关研究文献进行分析,检验社会经济地位对不同群体身体活动的影响效应,梳理社会经济地位影响个体身体活动参与的作用路径,发现：（1）社会经济地位对个体的身体活动具有重要影响,但对青少年、普通人群和特殊人群身体活动的影响效应存在差异;（2）社会经济地位通过社区环境（体育活动设施、社区学校条件）、家庭因素（家庭物质环境、家庭成员身体活动行为）、久坐行为、超重或肥胖、锻炼动机（锻炼意图、自我效能）等因素对个体身体活动产生影响。（3）当前关于社会经济地位与身体活动关系的研究存在核心概念的界定与测量混乱、社会经济地位影响身体活动的理论构建缺乏等问题。     

身体锻炼能提高自我观念吗——研究结果不一致的原因

身体锻炼的心理效益是运动锻炼心理学的热点问题之一，通过对近年来国外身体锻炼与身体自我之间关系有关文献的回顾，发现无论是横向研究结果与纵向研究结果，还是身体锻炼对自我观念是否有肯定作用的研究结果都不统一，究其原因或许与研究设计和研究人员等因素有关；对该领域未来的研究进行了展望，以期对该领域感兴趣的研究者提供参考。     

身体锻炼与心理健康的关系

对心理健康问题的研究已有较长历史。学者们在关注心理健康内涵同时 ,对何种方式能有效促进人的心理健康进行了探讨。大量研究结果表明身体锻炼是保持和增进心理健康、消除心理疾病的一个重要方法。探讨身体锻炼与心理健康的关系成为了近年来国内外运动心理学界的关注焦点。因此 ,本文在综合国内外最新研究成果的基础上 ,就这一问题进行了探讨。1　身体锻炼对心理健康的积极作用身体锻炼对心理健康具有促进作用 ,已得到大多数研究的证实。其研究重点主要集中于五方面 (根据国外心理学家对身体锻炼的积极心理效应的研究总结 ) :情绪状态 ;睡…     

身体锻炼类型、时间带对女大学生锻炼心理效益的影响

采用主观锻炼体验量表(SEES)、自尊量表(SES)及大学生身体锻炼参与情况调查问卷,对518名女大学生进行测查分析,探讨其身体锻炼类型、时间带特点及其对锻炼心理效益的影响.结果表明:不同锻炼类型不会直接影响锻炼者的自尊(长期心理效益),但不同锻炼类型会直接影响锻炼者的单次情绪体验(短期心理效益),瑜珈太极类、跑步类较之三大球类,在单次情绪体验中疲劳、心理烦恼的产生显著偏低;不同锻炼时间带不会直接影响锻炼者的心理效益,但它通过与锻炼类型的交互效应来影响锻炼者的自尊,下午课外活动时间或许是进行身体锻炼的最佳时间带;选择好锻炼类型后,确定合适的时间带对于最终改善长期心理效益非常重要.     

高强度间歇训练(HIIT)对主观负荷强度和情绪体验影响的系统综述

目的：该文使用系统综述方法对关于高强度间歇训练对参与者主观负荷强度（RPE）以及情绪体验影响的现有实证研究主要结果进行整合与综述。方法：通过文献检索与筛查，共纳入22项符合条件的研究，对这些研究从研究设计、参与者特征、HIIT练习任务，以及HIIT对RPE和个体情绪体验影响的主要结果进行了系统分析。结果：（1）现有研究多从HIIT与中等强度连续训练（MICT）的对比研究角度入手；（2）研究被试相对较为单一，HIIT活动以"中量规范"任务为主；（3） HIIT活动中和活动后的RPE等级一般高于或等同于MICT组。（4）对练习的主观情绪检验也多为积极，但较强依赖于单次练习持续的时间。结论：作为一种较为复杂的锻炼活动形式，HIIT对主观负荷强度和情绪体验的影响与MICT相比更为复杂多样，其效果与HIIT任务规范、参与者身体条件等因素密切相关。在此基础上对今后研究亟需解决的问题及应注意的问题进行了讨论。     

身体锻炼与中学生羞怯、自尊、人格之间的关系

为了考察身体锻炼与中学生羞怯之间是否存在关系以及什么样的身体锻炼模式才能更有效地对中学生的羞怯感产生积极影响等问题,以羞怯理论为指导,提出身体锻炼与中学生羞怯之间的关系模型,通过预测设计,对身体锻炼与中学生羞怯的关系及其中介变量进行研究.结果表明,身体锻炼与羞怯感之间存在显著的非线性关系;中学生的自尊与身体锻炼之间的关系为正向关系;内、外向和情绪稳定性变量对中学生羞怯感的影响存在交互作用;自尊、内外向和情绪稳定性变量在身体锻炼和羞怯之间的关系中起到部分中介作用.     

Exercise makes you feel good, but does feeling good make you exercise?: an examination of obese dieters

Whereas exercise-induced mood enhancement has been well documented, the relationship between mood and exercise participation is less well understood. Mood states influence evaluative judgments that could plausibly influence a decision to exercise. Further, most exercise-mood research is limited to normal weight adults in response to a single exercise session. The current investigation examines the influence of (a) morning mood on exercise, (b) exercise intensity/duration on mood enhancement, and (c) daily change in mood on exercise days compared with nonexercise days in obese behavioral weight loss program (BWLP) participants. Participants (N = 36) recorded morning, evening, and pre-and postexercise mood, as well as the type, duration, and intensity of exercise. Within-person analyses indicated that (a) morning mood was associated with an increased likelihood of exercising, (b) mood ratings were higher following exercise of greater intensity and duration, and (c) daily mood enhancement was associated with greater exercise initiation and greater exercise intensity. Measuring mood before and after exercise may yield important clinical information that can be used to promote physical activity in obese adults.     

The Effect of Bicycle Ergometer Exercise at Varying Intensities on the Heart Rate,EMG and Mood State Responses to a Mental Arithmetic Stressor

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of bicycle ergometer exercise at varying metabolic intensities upon the heart rate, electromyographic (EMG), and mood state responses to a timed mental arithmetic stressor. Twelve males participated in four experimental conditions: three exercise trials consisting of workloads of 40%, 55%, and 70% of physical work capacity, and an attentional control condition. Daily test protocol involved the following time sequence: habituation, baseline, exercise or control condition (presented in a counterbalanced order), recovery, mental arithmetic, and completion of mood state questionnaire. Results indicated no differential response to the mental arithmetic stressor across the four conditions for the 12 subjects for heart rate, EMG activity, or mood state. Thus, 15 min of exercise at 40%, 55%, and 70% of physical work capacity proved to be no different from an attentional control condition in influencing the physiological and psychological responses to the mental arithmetic stressor.     

交互式电子游戏作为一种新的锻炼方式：运动心理学的观点

新兴的交互式电子游戏（Interactive Video Game,或称体感游戏）是否能够成为一种新的身体锻炼方式呢？本研究对近年来发表的有关交互式电子游戏在体育教育及健康促进领域的相关研究进行了综述.结果表明,交互式电子游戏在促进身体活动水平,辅助运动技能学习等方面的作用得到支持,与此同时,对参与者具有一定短期动机作用（吸引活动参与）和情绪（愉悦体验、心境）改善作用,并对认知过程具有一定积极作用.但相关研究结果并不一致,表明交互式电子游戏的上述心理学效益依赖于其它因素的综合影响,仍需后续研究加以明确.     

Cognitive enhancement: a comparative review of computerized and athletic training programs

Cognitive enhancement refers to any type of improvement in cognitive performance following targeted interventions. Cognitive training is a rapidly growing market with potential to further expand in the future. Several computerized software programs promoting cognitive enhancement have been developed in recent years, with controversial results and implications. Within the research field, advances have been made regarding our understanding of the benefits inherent to cognitive programs, mainly involving working memory mechanisms and videogame training paradigms. In a distinct literature, physical exercise has been shown to broadly enhance cognitive functions, in humans and animals. In this article, we bring together these two trends of research in a comparative review, leading the discussion to an emerging third approach: designed sports training. Specifically designed sports, which tax working memory and spatial ability by incorporating motion in three-dimensional space, are an optimal way to combine the benefits of traditional cognitive training and physical exercise into a single activity. We discuss these findings in the context of embodied cognition, and argue that sensorimotor learning in designed sports is a key mechanism linking training and cognitive enhancement.     

活动类型和强度对大学男生心境变化影响的研究

阐述和考察了个体锻炼活动中心境的理论与实践意义及其诸影响因素,主要包括:(1)活动类型;(2)活动强度;(3)适宜强度刺激等。并引入“运动处方”概念,探讨在这一类个体活动指导形式中加入个体主观变量的必要性和可能性。     

重点高中学生运动情绪人际关系与心理健康之间关系的研究

为了进一步探索运动对情绪、人际关系和心理健康的影响以及探寻它们之间关系。采用心境状态量表、人际关系综合诊断量表和症状自评量表,对扬州中学550名学生进行调查。结果显示：运动群体的情绪、人际关系和心理健康水平得分与非运动群体相比有统计学意义;情绪、人际关系与其心理健康状况之间存在较强的相关关系,且对心理健康回归非常显著。结论：运动能直接影响心理健康,又能通过改善情绪、人际关系间接促进心理健康,即情绪、人际关系在运动对心理健康的影响中均起部分中介效应。     

Creating Community,Assessing Need

This paper describes the preliminary steps needed to begin a community physical activity intervention in a rural context, including forming a community coalition and assessing values, beliefs, and knowledge about physical activity. A random mail survey (N = 171) indicated relatively high activity rates, and perceived barriers consistent with the literature (time, program convenience, safety issues). Perceived benefits included improving/sustaining health and looking better/improving appearance. Five focus groups added additional barriers (e.g., physical isolation, lack of transportation). Residents were unaware of many existing services and indicated a desire for more walking trails, health-related activities, and low-cost exercise facilities. The discussion focuses on the importance of establishing a community coalition and implications for future program development and research.     

Creating community, assessing need: preparing for a community physical activity intervention

This paper describes the preliminary steps needed to begin a community physical activity intervention in a rural context, including forming a community coalition and assessing values, beliefs, and knowledge about physical activity. A random mail survey (N = 171) indicated relatively high activity rates, and perceived barriers consistent with the literature (time, program convenience, safety issues). Perceived benefits included improving/sustaining health and looking better/improving appearance. Five focus groups added additional barriers (e.g., physical isolation, lack of transportation). Residents were unaware of many existing services and indicated a desire for more walking trails, health-related activities, and low-cost exercise facilities. The discussion focuses on the importance of establishing a community coalition and implications for future program development and research.     

浅析体育锻炼对大学生心理健康的促进作用

运用文献资料法,结合自己对《体育颂》的理解,论述体育锻炼对大学生心理健康的影响。体育锻炼不但能够增强体质,还能调节、甚至消除紧张、不安、焦躁等不良情绪,从而提高心理健康水平,达到“身心合一”的双重效应。     

Dress for fit: An exploration of female activewear consumption

While the female activewear market is growing rapidly, research on activewear consumption and female consumers is lagging. Existing researchers have failed to produce an in-depth understanding of female consumers’ perceptions of activewear, thereby providing limited insights for the activewear industry. Drawing upon brand association theory and the functional, expressive, and aesthetic model, the authors identify important attributes of activewear brands and how attributes lead to benefits pursued by female activewear consumers. Focus groups were conducted with 72 female activewear consumers in Australia. Findings reveal three product-related attributes (functional design, colour, and size and fit) and two non-product-related attributes (price and model imagery) influence the fulfillment of four benefits (mood enhancement, exercise facilitation, healthy and active lifestyle, and physical fit body image). This research contributes theoretical and empirical knowledge about activewear consumption and the vertical structure of brand associations. Findings of this research can help activewear brands deliver benefits to female consumers through improved product designs and marketing strategies.